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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stable Angina
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disease marked by brief paroxysmal attacks of chest pain precipitated by deficient oxygenation of the heart muscles
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Unstable Angina
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pain characterized by sudden changes (as an increase in the severity or length of anginal attacks or a decrease in the exertion required to precipitate an attack) especially when symptoms were previously stable
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Prinzmetal’s (variant) Angina
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a variant form that is characterized by chest pain during rest and by an elevated ST segment during pain and that is typically caused by an obstructive lesion in the coronary artery
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Prototype agent for nitrates?
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nitroglycerin
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Action for nitrates?
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Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Dilates both arterial and venous vessels: Venous dilation decreases peripheral resistance, thus decreasing BP. Arteriolar dilation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure, thus reducing afterload. Decreases myocardial oxygen consumption Redistributes blood flow in the heart, improving circulation to ischemic areas |
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How do you treat acute angina with nitrates?
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Sublingual (SL)
Transmucosal Translingual spray |
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How do you treat chronic recurrent angina with nitrates?
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Topical - NTG paste
Transdermal – NTG patch Translingual spray Transmucosal or oral sustained-release i.e. |
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What other problems can nitrates treat?
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Use IV for Significant hypertension
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What adverse effect can occur with nitrates?
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Tolerance to the vascular and antianginal effects may develop.
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How do you minimize the tolerance effect?
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Starting with as small a dose as possible
Removing the NTG (paste or transdermal patches) from the patient for 8-10 hours usually at night |
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What are the nursing responsibilities for patients using nitrates?
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Assess the patient’s BP and pulse prior to administration.
Acute care: IV access established Have the patient sit or lie down before taking NTG for acute pain. Repeat SL NTG every 5 minutes for up to three doses; assume myocardial infarction (MI) if no pain relief. Monitor for hypotension and reflex tachycardia. Common adverse effect: Headache. |
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What environmental precautions do we take with nitrates?
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Loses potency with exposure to:
Light Humidity Heat Plastic IV bags of fluid Sublingual NTG requires replacement every 3 months |
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What are the actions of Beta receptor antagonists?
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Prevent stimulation of the beta receptors of the heart
Slow the heart rate, depress atrioventricular (AV) conduction, decrease CO, and reduce BP, resulting in decreased oxygen demand |
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Prototype agent for Beta receptor antagonists was:
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Propranolol (Inderal)
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What are the actions of Calcium Channel Antagonists
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Inhibit calcium from moving across cell membranes
Slow the heart rate, depress impulse formation (automaticity), and slow the velocity of conduction, resulting in decreased oxygen demands of the heart |
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Prototype agent for Calcium Channel Antagonists was?
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verapamil (calan)
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When are Calcium Channel Antagonists used in treatment?
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Used in chronic stable angina when the patient cannot tolerate beta blockers or nitrates, or if the symptoms are not adequately controlled while on these therapies
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Drug of choice for Variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina
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Calcium Channel Antagonist - Diltiazem (Cardizem)
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What adjunct Drug Therapy is used?
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Oxygen
Aspirin Morphine Acronym: MONA |
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What is the purpose of adjunct therapies with drugs that treat angina?
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These therapies do not decrease oxygen demands on the heart, but slow down the progression of coronary artery disease or prevent/treat complications that may arise with angina.
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