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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why study Early Childhood Development from a multicultural perspective?
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Parents socialize children differently
Different learning patters and language |
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Give the views on early childhood of the following cultures: African Americans, Native Americans, Chinese/Japanese, Slavery/Colonialism
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AFRICAN AMERICANS: Children are valued and accepted throughout the community
NATIVE AMERICANS: Children are considered essential for the natural order, social relationships are valued, child rearing extends to the entire community. CHINESE/JAPANESE: emphasis harmony and teachings of Confucius, learned through imitation SLAVERY/COLONIALISM: Collectivism, shared resources and child rearing responsibilities |
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Describe Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory
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ORAL STAGE-- all gratification comes through an oral experience
ANAL STAGE-- learning to be toilet trained PHALLIC STAGE-- identifying with same-sex organisms LATENCY-- before puberty, children are still identifying with same sex GENITAL-- sexual interest in opposite sex increases |
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Describe Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
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TRUST vs. MISTRUST-- security and attachment
AUTONOMY vs SHAME AND DOUBT-- when children begin to do what they want to do, no sense of self control INITIATIVE vs GUILT-- Socially aware INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY-- Resolving conflicting issues |
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What theorist(s) is/are associated with the psycho theory?
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Erikson and Freud
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What theorist(s) is/are associated with the maturational theory?
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Arnold Gazelle
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Describe Gazelle's maturational theory
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Environment affects development, suggests that children develop in a particular time frame (crawl before walk)
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What theorist(s) is/are associated with the Behaviorist Theory?
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Pavlov and Bendor
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Describe Pavolv's Classical Conditioning Theory
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Bell ringing and the dog slobbering thinking it's dinner time. Came to the conclusion that we associate neutral stimuli with something completely unrelated
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What was Bf Skinner's addition to the Classical Conditioning Theory?
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Operate Conditioning-- Behavior changes through a positive or negative consequence that followed the behavior. I.E. getting stickers
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What' Bendor's social Learning Theory?
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Humans learn behavior by imitation, they saw what got a response and that's how they behave.
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What's modeling?
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How the teacher presents herself, behaves, and responds is something that will reenforce children behavior.
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What theorist(s) is/are associated with the Humanistic Theory?
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Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow
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What is Carl Rogers' theory?
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Promoted the individual which allows for self actualization and full potential
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What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
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BIOLOGICAL NEEDS-- eating, shelter clothing, warmth
SAFETY NEEDS-- protection from others, order, laws BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS-- knowing their loved ESTEEM NEEDS-- for achievement, responsibility SELF-ACTUALIZATION-- working to full potential |
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What is a criticism of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
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It is in a pyramid form, you can be hungry and still want to feel loved.
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What is Piaget's cognitive Development and Constructivist Theory and the importance?
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SENSORIMOTOR-- intelligence through experience
PRE OPERATIONAL-- symbolizing language CONCRETE OPERATIONAL-- abstract thinking FORMAL OPERATIONAL-- more accurate perceptions IMPORTANCE-- sequential growth and development in the domain of cognition, not social or physical aspect. |
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Why do we observe?
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Assessment, reflection of practice, curriculum planning, guidance, problem solving.
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What is an anecdotal record?
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Short, simple narrative that captures the moment.
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What is a running record?
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Written, open-ended narrative of everything that is going on. The observer is away from what is happening and objectively writing everything, including times and quotes.
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What are things that can negatively impact a child's development before they are even born.
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Economic condition of the family, healthcare, behavior and social environment, education, poverty, single parents.
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Name things that can differ between cultures
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Temperament (slow to warm up), environment (positively and negatively), diseases (Asians are more prone to blood disease)
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Explain the process of birth. (dilation, transition, expulsion of the fetus)
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DILATION-- cervix is expanded to 10 cm to fit the head of the baby
TRANSITION-- baby's head moving towards the opening of the cervix EXPULSION OF THE FETUS-- when the the child is breathing on its own, the cord is them camped and tied off. |
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What's a breach?
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When children are not position head first for delivery
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What's the nuclear family and its advantages?
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Biological-- mom, dad, etc.; typically socioeconomically well off.
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What's the extended family and its advantages?
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Grandparents, uncles, aunts; allows for a broader range of child care and child rearing practices
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What's collectivism?
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Culturally extension to people are not blood related to the child/family but they become a part of the family because of their closeness.
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Describe single parent families.
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1/3 of the population, common in lower socioeconomic families, African American communities, and underrepresented groups.
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Describe the 6 reflexes of an infant.
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GRASPING,
MORO (starting movements), SUCKING, WALKING HABITUATION (looking at things less when they are familiar with them). |
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What are some environmental risk factors for infants?
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Illness/prematurity, lower socioeconomic, SIDS
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What is a checklist?
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Third kind of observation tool where you can see patterns of development extremely subjectively.
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What is a dendrite?
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Tissue off of the neurons that receives information
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What is a synapses?
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Connection of the dendrites and the axon
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What is the myelinization?
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Tissue that wraps itself around the axon to protect it.
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What is cortisol?
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Hormone produced if child is abused where the number of synapses decreases.
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What is pruning?
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When children forget or 'lose' abilities to do things because they are not needed.
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What is the difference between the left and right brain?
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The left side is more logical and mathematical while the right is more intuitive
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What are Piaget's Stages of Development?
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REFLEXES,
PRIMARY CIRCULAR REACTION (do not realize causal effect), SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION (hitting toys against something), COORDINATION OF THE SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION, TERTIARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS, MENTAL COMBINATIONS |
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What are some examples of infant play in cognitive development?
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motor play, imitation games, simple pretense (basic dramatic play)
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What are two types of communication?
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Receptive and productive
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What is receptive communication?
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When the individual takes in the language and begin to understand the meanings behind words.
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What is productive communication?
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The form of communicating where you let someone know something, communicate some sort of message.
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What is syntax?
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Phrases, clauses, expression in language
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