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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mineral in bone matrix? |
Calcium and phosphate |
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Calcium and phosphate reacts with calcium hydroxide to from? |
Hydroxyapatitie Crystal's |
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What protein is found in matrix? |
Protein fibers collagen |
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What is name of cytoplasmic extension in lamellae? |
Canaliculi |
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Do osteocyte divide? |
No |
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Two main functions of osteocytes? |
1. Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix 2. Help repair damaged bone (osteoprogenitor cells) |
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Are osteoblasts immature bone cells or mature? |
Immature |
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Osteoid is and produced by ? |
Matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone |
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Osteoprogenitor cell are? |
Mesenchymal stem cells that produce osteoblasts |
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2 places mesenchymal stem cells can be found? |
1. Endosteum 2. Inner cellular layer of periosteum |
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Osteolysis done by what cell? |
Osteoclasts brake down bone and release calcium |
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What's basic unit if compact bone cell? |
Osteon |
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Trabeculae found in what type of bone? |
Spongy |
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What is found between trabeculae matrix space? |
Red bone marrow |
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Periosteum made up of what 2 layers? |
1. Outer, fibrous layer 2. Inner, cellular layer |
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What are perforating fibers? |
Collagen fibers of periosteum |
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Sharpay fibers |
Connect with collagen fibers in bone That attach tendons and ligaments |
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Endosteum |
On inside, it makes sure bone doesnt go into bone |
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Osteogenesis? |
New bone formation |
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Ossification |
The process of replacing other tissue with bone |
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Two types of ossification? |
1. Endochondral ossification 2. Intramembranous ossification |
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Endochondral ossification originates as ? |
Hyaline cartilage |
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Appositional growth |
Compact bone thickened and strengthens long bong with layers of circumference lamellae |
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Intramembranous ossification is also called? |
Dermal ossification |
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Name 2 dermal bones |
Mandible and clavicle |
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Intramembranous ossification starts with ? |
Mesenchymal cells |
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Intramembranous ossification steps |
1. Mesenchymal cells 2. Osteoblasts: secretes osteoid 3. Surrounded osteoblasts turn to osteocyte 4. Osteocyte: secretes calcium = bone |
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Endochondral ossification steps |
1. Mesenchymal cells 2. Chondroblast: secrete cartilage 3. Surrounded chondroblast turn to chondrocytes 4. Chondrocytes turn to osteoblasts 5. Osteoblast then to osteocyte 6. = bone |
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Vitamin c is required for |
Collagen synthesis and stimulation of osteoblasts differentiation |
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Vitamin A stimulates |
Osteoblasts |
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Hormones stimulates bone growth |
1. Growth hormone and thyroxine 2. Estrogens and androgens 3. Calcitonin |
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Two hormones that are considered antagonists |
Calcitonin and parathyroid |
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Calcitonin |
Osteoblasts 1. Increase bone growth 2. Lower calcium concentration in blood 3. Stimulates osteoblasts activity |
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Parathyroid |
Osteoclast 1. Increase calcium concentration in blood 2. Stimulates osteoclast activities
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What is most abundant mineral in body |
Calcium |
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Calcium ion are vital to 3 things |
Membranes Neurons Muscle cells (especially heart cells) |
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Calcium homeostasis is maintained by what 2 hormone? |
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone |
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Calcium is stored where, absorbed where, and excreted where? |
Bone Digestive tract Kidney |