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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Radiation
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Heat transfer without the aid of a material medium
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Conduction
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flow of heat through solid material
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Convection
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Heat transport by streams of molecules through a flowing medium
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Factors that affect heat flow
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Effective surface area
Temperature difference Thermal conductivity of conductor |
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Tastebuds
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Dorsal and lateral portion of tongue
Chemoreceptors High turnover |
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Flavors sensed by tastebuds
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sweet
sour salty bitter umami |
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optic chiasm
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where Optic Nerve meets the brain
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Factors that affect Evaporation
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Surface Area
Vapor Pressure Gradiant (humidity) |
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Factors that affect Convection
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Effective Surface Area
Temperature Difference Air Speed |
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Factors that affect Radiation
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Effective Surface Area
Surface absorptivity/emmissivity (color) Temperature of surfaces |
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Poikilotherm
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changes temperature with ambient conditions
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Kinetic energy
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proportional to Absolute temp (K)
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Thermal Energy
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average molecular motion witin a material
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Homoeotherm
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maintains temperature despite ambient conditions
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endothermy
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relies on metabolism for heat
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somatosensory systems
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touch/pressure
joint sensation temperature: cold, warm receptors |
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Visual system
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photoreceptor
retina rods/cones optic nerves |
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Auditory system
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pinna
tympanic hair cells external auditory meatus otic/oto: ear |
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Vesticular System
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Balance
hair cells linear and rotational acceleration |
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Gustation
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tastebuds:chemoreceptors
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Olfaction
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Main olfactory
Accessory olfactory: pheromones |
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transducer
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transforms one type of energy into another form
codes intensity through the frequency of the Action Potential |
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brown fat
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more mitochondria
thermogenic found in neonates never endings release norepinephrine |
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Non-shivering thermogenesis
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thyroxine from the thyroid gland increases metabolism
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gular flutter
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evaporative thermoregulation used by some birds through pulsation of the esophagus
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torpor
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body temperature declines during a portion of the day (usually night) to conserve engergy
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Radon
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Carcinogenic
rocks, soil, basements Alpha particle emmitter heaver than air 20,000 death a year |
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Silo Gas
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Nitrogen Dioxide NO2
Heavier than air binds to water in lungs NO2+H20=nitric acid made by fermantation bleach odor, yellowish brown tint |
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Surface area of lungs
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100m
thin-1 cell thick |
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surface area of human skin
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2 m
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hyperbaric chambers
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2-3atm
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Carbon Monoxide
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CO
binds to hemoglobin and replaces O2 |
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Lee-Boot effect
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suppression or prolongation of estrus cycles when females are housed together and isolated from males
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Bruce Effect
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unfamiliar males causes abortion pre or post implantation up to day 17.
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Asphyxiation
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deficient supply of O2 to the body by way of
-chemical -physical obstruction -compressive forces -smothering |
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Whitten Effect
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male affects a group of females and synchronizes estrus cycles
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McClintock Effect
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menstrual synchrony in humans
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serendipity
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discovery of something not saught after
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pheremone
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chemical that transmits a message to other members of the same species
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Main olfactory location
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dorsal, caudal, on Cranial Nerve 1
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Accessory olfactory location
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ventral, rostral
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Cohorts
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same age, species, location
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confounded
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confusing, unclear, mistake one thing for another
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1/2 life of oxytocin
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1 minute
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1/2 life of melatonin
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35-50 minutes
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scotoperiod
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period of darkness
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circadian rhythm
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cycle that repeats every 24 hours
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circennial rhythm
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repeats yearly
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corpus collasum
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band of neural tissue, hemisphere communication
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long day breeders
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horse, cats, wolves
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short day breeders
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sheep
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Left Brain
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logic, language
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Right Brain
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creative
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pineal gland
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inhibited by light
on median plane (midsagittal) Collects Flouride |
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H2S
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Hydrogen Sulfide (Sewer Gas)
Colorless, Heavier than air Rotten Egg odor Eye Irritant Displaces O2 |
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CO2
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Carbon Dioxide
Colorless Odorless Heavier than Air |
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NH3
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Ammonia
lighter than air eye irritant |
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CH4
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Methane
lighter than air odorless explosive colorless |
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anastimosis
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2 tubes put together
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Hypoxia
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low oxygen levels in the environment
occurs at high altitude less than 21% oxyge |
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Hyperbaric Chamber
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corrects pressure levels in the body
Used to treat injury such as CO poisoning greater than 1 atm opposite of high altitude |
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phytochemical
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chemical synthesized by plants
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anogenital distance
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distance between the prepuce or vulva and anus
larger in male |
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hypoxemia
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low O2 concentration in the blood
emphysemia |
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asphyxiation
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low O2 levels in the blood caused by physical obstruction, compression, smothering, CO2 level, etc
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Brisket disease
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high altitude disease in cattle
right heart failure arterial pressure builds until fluids leak from the bloodstream and collect in the brisket |
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cohorts
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individuals of the same species, age, location
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diurnal
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active during the day
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pheromone
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chemical that transmits a message to the other members of the same species
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analog
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stucture similiar to parent compoud
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antagonist
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hormone with actions opposite of parent compound
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agonist
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hormone that imitates another hormone
compound with actions simiiar to the parent compound |
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High altitude
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Decreased [O2]
Increases RBC, hematocrit, PCV Increased EPO |
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
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protein hormone from kidney (renal hormone)
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VNO
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Vomeronasal organs
Jacobson's organ olfactoray sac in the roof of the mouth |