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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
another word for a tumor |
neoplasm |
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What is a tumor |
a mass of cells that grow independently of the rest of the body, a cancer |
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what % of tumors in the brain are meningiomas |
20% |
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meningioma-where? |
tutor that grows between the meninges, 3 membranes that cover the CNS -encapsulated tumors -benign |
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malignant tumor |
likely cancerous spreading tumor |
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benign tumor |
not likely cancerous |
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what % of brain tumours are metastic? |
10% |
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infiltrating tumor |
grow through surrounding tissue -malignant |
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metastic tumor |
originate elsewhere and move to brain |
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Giloma |
? |
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Stroke |
a sudden onset of cerebrovascular disorder causing brain damage |
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that is the third leading cause of death? |
stroke |
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2 types of stroke |
hemorrhage & ischemia |
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consequences of stroke(3) |
amnesia, alphasia (language prob.) paralysis and coma |
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infarct |
area of dead or dying tissue from stroke |
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penumbra |
dysfunctional area surrounded infarct may survive or die |
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Hemorrhage (&aneurysm) |
when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into surrounding neural tissue and damages it |
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aneurysm |
balloon like dilation in the blood when the elasticity of the vessel is bad |
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congenital-what? from? |
aneurysm present at birth or resulted from vascular poison or infection |
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Ischemia |
disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain causing brain damage |
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3 main causes of ischemia |
thrombosis, embolism, arteriosclerosis |
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thrombus |
a plug that blocks blood flow where it formed |
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what is a thrombus composed of? |
fat,oil,air, blood clot, tumor cells |
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embolism |
plug that is carried by the blood from a large vessel to a small one where it gets stuck "thrombus on a trip" |
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arteriosclerosis-from? what? |
self made: -blood vessel walls thicken and channels narrow from fat deposits and causes complete blockage |
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glutamate ischemia |
blood deprived neutrons are overactice and release excessive amounts of neurotransmitter glutamate. |
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contusion |
closed head injury from blows that do not penetrate the skull |
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Hematoma |
collection of clotted blood in an organ or tissue -bruise |
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contrecoup injury |
damage at opposite side of impact |
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concussion |
disturbance of consciousness without contusion or structure damage |
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punch drunk syndrome |
results from many concussions |
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punch drunk symptoms |
- Leg weakness
-Unstable walking -Slow muscle movements - Arm and hand shakes -Halted speech -Lowered IQ points |
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punch drunk permanent damage |
dementia and cerebral scarring |
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Encephalitis
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-Inflammation of brain due to microorganism such asbacteria or virus
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syphilis <3 |
-genital sores -may be dormant till attack -untreated causes general paresis (dem.insan.) |
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bacteria effects on brain |
-infmalmation - pockets of pus (cerebral abscess) |
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meningitis |
-25% fatal -attacks and inflames meningies -irreversible brain damage |
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herpes <3 |
-contracted through body fluids -attacks nervous system and/or other tissues -hsv1:oral -hsv2 genital have for life |
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herpes symptoms |
Headache
-Fever - Neck stiffness -Sensitivity to light -Seizures -Trouble thinking clearly - Unconsciousness |
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toxic psychosis |
insanity from neurotoxin |
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tardive diskenesia (miley crycus) symptoms |
-lip smacking -thrusting tongue -puffy cheeks - jaw movement |
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endogenous neurotoxin |
produced by own body |
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parkinson victims |
.5% of people -middle and old age disorder - 2.5 times more likely in males |
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parkinson Symptoms
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-Slight stiffness or tremor of the fingers
-Increasing severity with advancing years Tremors pronounced during inactivity Not during voluntary movement or sleep - Muscular rigidity -mask like face |
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parkinsons causes |
degeneration of Substantia nigra (midbrain nucleus)
-basal ganglia -Little if any Dopamine released in SN |
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Cortical Reorganization
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Sensory and motor re-organization after damage ofsomatosensory cortex
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Reorganization in PNS
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2 mechanisms
1) Existing connections are strengthened Reorganization occurs too quickly Or, new connects are created by collateralsprouting |
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Collateralsprouting
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Axon branches ofhealthy neurongrowing out towardsthe sites that arevacated by thedegenerating axon
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phantom limb is caused by...
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reorganizationof the somato-sensory cortex followingamputation.
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