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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
vertebral arteries |
serving the caudal portion of the brain |
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internal carotid arteries |
serving the rostral portion of the brain |
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cerebral cortex "bark" |
surrounds the cerebral hemispheres like the bark of a tree, surface is convoluted |
under telencephalon (end brain) |
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gray matter |
consist mostly of glia and cell bodies, dendrites and interconnecting axon of neurons (located outside) |
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white matter |
consists of millions of axons, large concentration of myelin gives tissue an opaque white appearance (located inside) |
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frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe |
four lobes of cerebral hemispheres |
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frontal lobe |
(forehead to top) motor cortex, directs the movement of the body |
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occipital lobe |
(back) visual cortex, receives segment, and integrates visual information from the eye (i.e color, motion, depth) |
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parietal lobe |
(top to rear) sensory cortex, processing all the sensory information (i.e touch, pain, temperature) |
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temporal lobe |
(above ears) auditory cortex, process auditory informations or sounds |
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neocortex "new cortex" |
covers most of the surface of cerebral hemispheres |
hemisphere of the brain |
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cingulate gyrus |
an important region of the limbic cortex. - coordinates sensory input with emotions - emotional responses to pain - regulates aggressive behavior |
hemisphere of the brain |
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limbic cortex |
located around the edge of the cerebral hemispheres |
hemisphere of the brain |
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limbic system |
set of interconnected structures including several regions of the limbic cortex and a set of interconnected structures surrounding the forebrain. - governs such basic survival necessities (i.e fear, aggression, hunger, and sexual desire) - regulates the functioning of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system - mediates all aspect of emotions and motivational functioning such as; the desire for food, feelings of anger, fear, pain, pleasure, and sexual desire |
under telencephalon (end brain) |
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corpus callosum |
the largest commissure across hemisphere connections, connecting the left and the right brain hemispheres |
hemisphere of the brain |
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basal ganglia |
lie beneath the lateral ventricles, involved in the control of movements (i.e standing, walking, coordinated movements) - inhibit competing movements |
under telencephalon (end brain) |
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amygdala (almond) |
concerned w/ emotional functioning, also plays role in aggression, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior. - emotions resulting to behaviors (i.e stress eating) |
part of the limbic system |
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hippocampus (seahorse) |
plays an important role in emotion, memory (new long term memory) and learning. - it's easier to learn when you like it |
may emotion, may naalala, emotion ulit |
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telencephalon |
(end brain) first major subdivision of the forebrain |
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diencephalon |
(interbrain) second major subdivision of the forebrain, situated between the telencephalon and the mesencephalon surrounding the third ventricle |
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thalamus |
sort and interpret the sensory and motor impulses before relaying them to the appropriate neurons in the cerebrum |
the one who would recognize messages |
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thalamos |
means inner chamber |
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lateral geniculate nucleus |
receives information from the eye and sends to the primary visual cortex |
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medial geniculate nucleus |
receives information from the inner ear and sends to the primary auditory cortex |
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ventrolateral nucleus |
receives information from the cerebellum and projects to the primary motor cortex |
originating from the brain |
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ventral posterolateral nucleus |
receives information from the somatosensory cortex - sense of touch (i.e pain) |
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hypothalamus |
controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, and organizes behavior related to the survival of the species: the four F's (i.e fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating) - regulates body temperature, heart rate and arterial blood pressure - plays a part in emotional and sexual responses |
lies at the base of the brain under the thalamus |
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mesencephalon |
first subdivision of the midbrain, surrounds the cerebral aqueduct |
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tectum (roof) |
located at the dorsal portion of the mesencephalon |
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superior colliculi |
part of the visual system - controlling visual reflexes such as pupil constriction and blinking |
up |
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inferior colliculi |
part of the auditory system - controlling certain auditory reflexes - receives auditory fibers and projects and projects to the thalamus - awareness of the sound |
down |
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tegmentum (covering) |
portion of the mesencephalon beneath the tectum |
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reticular formation |
receives sensory information and projects to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and spinal cord. - plays a role in sleep and arousal, attention, muscle tonus, movement and various vital reflex |
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periaqueductal gray matter |
controls sequences of movements that constitutes species' typical behavior (i.e fighting, mating) - you will know how to fight for yourself, for survival (kahit hindi ka marunong) |
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red nucleus |
one of the two major fiber systems that bring motor information from the brain to the spinal cord - reflexes (to protect ourselves) |
important components of the motor system |
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substantia nigra |
contains dopamine secreting neurons that project to the caudate nucleus - degeneration of these neurons causes parkinson's disease |
important components of the motor system |
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ventral tegmental area |
is a group of dopaminergic cells that are origin of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway that is highly significant in reward and sensations of pleasure. it also includes GABA and glutamate neurons. it is also connected with the amygdala and may be connected with fear and avoidance |
important components of the motor system |
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forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain (behind brain) |
divisions of the brain |
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telencephalon (end brain), and diencephalon (interbrain) |
subdivisions of the forebrain |
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mesencephalon |
subdivision of the midbrain |
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metencephalon, and myelencephalon (marrow brain) |
subdivisions of the hindbrain (behind brain) |
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cerebellum (little brain) |
- resembles a miniature version of the cerebrum - receives visual, auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory information - receives information about individual mascular movement being directed by the brain - helps the body to learn movements that require practice and learning |
under metencephalon |
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cerebellar peduncles (little feet) |
bundles of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the pons |
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pons (bridge) |
a large bulge in the brain stem, lies between the mesencephalon and medulla oblongata, immediately ventral to the cerebellum - contains a portion of the reticular formation that appear to be important in sleep and arousal - function as bridge to interconnect messages between spinal cord and brain |
under metencephalon |
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medulla oblongata (oblong marrow) |
the most caudal portion of the brain stem, lower border in the rostral end of the spinal cord - controls vital functions such as regulation of cardiovascular system, respiration, and skeletal muscle tonus |
under myelencephalon |