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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
NAD+ will be ___ to NADH and a substrate will be ____ |
reduced to NADH, oxidized |
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NADH and NAD derived from |
ADP |
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coenzyme A is a large carrier of what group? |
acetyl |
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What potential does acetyl CoA have? high or low? |
high potential for acetyl group transfer |
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NADH and FADH react___ with ___ in the ___ of a catalyst |
slowly with O2 in the absence of a catalyst |
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In the absence of a catalyst, __ and __ are hydrolyzed slowly |
ATP and acetyl CoA |
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Glycolysis involves the breakdown of |
?glcose into pyruvate |
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Does glycolysis yield ATP? |
yes, only 2 molecule |
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Where does glucose come from? (2) |
precursors like pyruvate, enymatic breakdown of glucose polymers like starch and glycogen |
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ATP goes in before the creation of what two steps? |
Glucose 6 phosphate, fructose 1,6 biphosphate |
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Irreversible rxn |
PFKase conversion F6P to F1 6BP |
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How many opportunities for irreversible reaction are there? |
3 |
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Three control strategies: list in order of shortest to fastest |
allosteric, phosphorylation, trxn control |
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All reactions of glycolysis occur in the |
cytosol |
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Difference between glucose 6 phosphate and fructose 6 phosphate |
6 ring to 5 ring |
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Reactant and product of fructose 6 phosphate conversion to fructose 1, 6 biphosphate |
ATP in, ADP out |
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What is this? What comes immediatly prior? After? are there reactants, products? |
glucose 6 phosphate, ATP is a reactant to catalyze this from glucose ADP let off in its formation After it is turned into fructose 6 phosphate |
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What is this? What comes immediatly prior? After? are there reactants, products? |
Fructose 6 phosphate No use of ATP Before is glucose 6 phosphate After comes fructose 1,6 biphosphate |
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What is this? What comes immediatly prior? After? are there reactants, products? |
Fructose 1,6 biphosphate. ATP and PKase catalyzes reaction and lets off ADP. Next comes two phosphate groups formed through aldolase |
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Steps that create ATP are called |
phosphoryl transfer steps |
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Aldol cleavage of fructose 1, 6 biphosphate in 2 phosphate molecules has what delta G? |
negative delta G, postiive delta G' |
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3C intermediate G6P will be cleaved into |
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate |
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How is ATP generated in the later steps? |
compound with higher phosphoryl transfer potential synthesized |
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Purpose of hexose isomerization. What step do you see it in? |
Create an intermediate that will cleave two symmetrical 2, 3C intermediates. Glucose 6 phosphate---fructose 6 phosphate |
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Delta G or Delta G' == which is the actual real life measure? |
delta G |
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why are some delta g values positive? |
concentration of metabolites in vivo in glycolysis unknown |
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PFKase: substrates bind where? regulators bind where? |
substrates bind in the catalytic sites, regulators bind in the allosteric sites |
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PFKase and ATP relation: allosteric |
ATP inhibits PFKase allosterically. This causes the enzyme to have a lower affinity for its substrate F6P |
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Reverses inhibitory action of ATP on PFKase |
AMP |
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ATP:AMP increases causes ___PFKase activity |
decreased |
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Low ATP effect on PFKase |
its a subtrate, so it will increase reaction velocity |
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PFKase reaction velocity highest at ___ ATP. Why? |
moderate ATP. ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor and a substrate |
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Y axis of PFKase curve |
Relative rate of fructose 1,6 biphosphate synthesis |
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Positive regulator of PFFase |
2, 6 BP |
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Delta G vs delta G prime: which tend to be higher? |
delta G prime (except for 1 phsphoryl transfer step) in the production of ATP |
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Ligation requiring ATP cleavage description |
formation of covalent bond |
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Isomerization definition |
formation of isomers |
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Group transfer defininton |
transfer of functional groups |
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Three ways to control metabolic processes |
control amount of enzyme, control catalytic activity, control access to substrate |