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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Because of its great hardness, diamond cannot be cleaved in any direction
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False
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Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of substance to the mass of an equal volume of air
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False
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Mica is an example of a mineral with perfect cleavage
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True
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In order of a particular type of mineral to be classified as a minteral, it must______
a) be a solid b) occur naturally c) have a crystalline structure d) have a definite chemical composition e) all of the previous answers are correct |
e) all of the previous answers are correct
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All atoms of a given element (for example, all carbon atoms) contain the same characteristic number of ______ in their nuclei as all other atoms of that element.
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protons
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The atomic mass number of an atom is the total number of ____ in the atom
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protons and neutrons
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If the total number of electrons for a given atom is one more than the total number of protons, the atom will be _____.
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a negative ion
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Carbon-12 is the most abundant _____ of carbon
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isotope
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Carbon-14 has 8 ______.
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neutrons
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The sodium cation Na+ has one less _____ than it has ____.
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electrons and protons
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The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are _____.
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oxygen and silicon
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When seawater evaporates its sodium and chlorine combine to precipitate as _____.
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halite (NaCI, salt)
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The important mineral _____ has three directions of cleavage to form a rhombohedron or "squashed box." and effervesces (fizzes) in dilute acid.
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calcite
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The group of minerals known as the _____ are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.
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micas
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The most abundant group of mineral in the crust is the ______ group.
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quartz
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Mineral cleavage refers to flat external faces on a mineral grain created _____
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when the grain is broken along planes of weakness in its atomic structure
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A silica tetrahedron is composed of four atoms of the element ____ and one atom of ______
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oxygen and silicon
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The mineral _____ has isolated silica tetrahedra in its lattice structure
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olivine
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The group of minerals known as the _____ contain single chains of silica tetrahedra in their struture.
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pyroxenes
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The group of minerals known as the _____ contain double chains of silica tetrahedra in their structure.
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amphiboles
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The group of minerals known as the _____ contain planar sheets of silica tetrahedra in their structure.
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mica (biotite, muscovite, etc)
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The group of minerals known as the _____ have a complex framework structure in which the oxygen atoms are shared by adjacent silica tetrahedra.
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feldspar
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THe mineral _____ is an example of an elemental mineral, because it is composed of just one element rather than being a compound of different elements.
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graphite
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Geologist use the word ____ to describe the color of a fine powder of a mineral, as might be left by a relatively soft mineral on a piece of white unglazed porcelain.
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streak
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Some mineral specimens are ____, which means that you can see clearly through the mineral
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transparent
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______ is a characteristic of a mineral that is either metallic or nonmetallic
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Luster
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The hardest mineral is _____
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diamond
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The hardest mineral has a hardness of _____ on Mohs relative hardness scale.
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10
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Calcite has ____ directions of cleavage.
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3
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Some minerals, like _____, do not cleave along regular planes (because there are no planes of weakness in their crystal structure), but instead fracture along irregular surfaces that are commonly curved.
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quartz
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The mineral _____ commonly develops through the evaporation of seawater and has a salty taste.
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halite
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The mineral _____ is strongly magnetic, and specimens of _____commonly fluoresce in ultraviolent light
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magnetite and fluorite
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Minerals in the ____ family of chain silicates have two directions of cleavage that are oriented approzimately at right angeles (-90 degrees) to one another
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pyroxene
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