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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify the steps in an analysis for an unknown atmosphere:
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1.Wear Level A 2.Approach Cautiously from Upwind 3.Be Calculated and Deliberate 4. R.C.O.P.H.C.O. (Rachel came over, pulled her coat off) |
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What does RCOPHCO mean?
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Radioactivity, Combustibility, Oxygen Availability, pH (if a liquid), Hydrogen Sulfide (if near petrol refinery), Carbon Monoxide and Organic vapors |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure radioactivity? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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Geiger Counter, Dosimeter, Thermal Luminescent Dosimeter. Monitors alpha, beta, gamma & neutron. |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure flammability? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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Can measure oxygen content and several toxics / combustible vapors. |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure oxidation potential? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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Oxygen Meters test for oxygen enriched atmospheres. |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure Oxygen Deficiency? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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Measure 0 - 25% Oxygen in air, alarms if O2 drops below 19.5% |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure Corrosivity? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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pH-Litmus Dye, pH paper, pH Meters |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure Toxic Levels? (Include important notes about the equipment) |
Some used to measure specific chemicals, some detects multiple. |
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What equipment is used to detect and measure Pathogenicity? (Include important notes about the equipment)
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The GOLD standard is the lab, these are all presumptive. |
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Tests for anthrax, ricin, botulinum, plague, tularemia, brucella and orthopox. False indications possible, Porous surfaces could hinder the effectiveness.
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Biological Immunoassay Indicators or HHAs |
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Detects specific gases and vapors. Can determine if a specific chemical is present, but will not provide a quantity. Follow instructions carefully, prior to each __________ use.
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Colorimetric Detector Tube
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Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a corrosive material. Probes must be rinsed with distilled water before and after use. Must be inserted to sample.
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pH Meters
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Chemical reaction changes the color of this detector. False positives are possible.
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pH Paper/Strips |
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A substance or solution combined with the suspicious material to cause a chemical reaction for a positive indication. Limited to chemical and biological agents. |
Reagents |
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Tests for chemical agents. Instantly detects common chemical agents in aerosol or surface liquid. Must be verified by another instrument. |
Test strips (M8) |
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Capable of measuring the relative flammability of gases. Can determine the LEL percentage. It requires warm-up periods. It does not identify hazards such as toxicity. |
Combustible gas indicator
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Identifies specific DNA sequences. Used to detect and identify biological agents. On-scene field detection is presumptive as laboratory testing is the gold standard.
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DNA Fluoroscopy
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Detects oxygen deficient and enriched atmospheres. Can be combined with a CGI. Chlorine and fluorine will cause higher than normal levels of oxygen.
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Oxygen Meter |
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Only measures Carbon Monoxide.
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Electrochemical Cells (Carbon Monoxide Meter) |
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Tests for Hydrocarbons such as butane and hexane. Can only detect components which can be burned. Destroys the sample. |
Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
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Used to analyze the molecular and ionic composition of a chemical compound. Considered the Gold standard in a lab, but during field use is presumptive. Performs library searches for false positives.
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Gas Chromatograph/mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) |
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Tests for solids, liquids and pastes. Can not identify biological agents, metals / non-metals and simple ionic salts. |
Infrared Spectroscopy |
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Capable of detecting and identifying very low concentrations of chemicals based upon gas phase ion migration. Uses a radioactive source or corona discharge. |
Ion Mobility Spectroscopy |
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Performs qualitative and quantitative analysis of gamma radiation. Can identify gamma-emitting isotopes. |
Gamma Spectrometer (RIID - Radiation Isotope Identification Device) |
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Translates changes in the concentration of gaseous chemical species into electrical signals. Quantifies compounds in concentrations below one part per million. (PPM) Designed to detect specific chemicals. |
Metal Oxide Detector
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Can detect organic and some inorganic gases and vapors. Can be used to measure toxic exposures. Does not detect methane. Limited by the electron volt (EV) rating of the lamp.
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Photoionization Detectors
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Highly sensitive. Detects minute quantities of DNA or RNA. Can enzymatically amply small quantities to reach a threshold signal for detection.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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Able to detect all types of radiation, depending on probes. The most common will detect, but not measure the types of radiation. Passive and active chemicals interfere with the reading. |
Radiation Detection and Measurement Instruments |
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Rapid identification of potentially hazardous materials, such as explosives, unknown chemicals, narcotics or TICs. Do not use on explosives or dark surfaces.
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Raman Spectroscopy (Ahura) |
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Detects blister and nerve agents at the same time.
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Surface Acoustical Wave (SAW)
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Limited field use. Generally done in the liquid phase.
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Wet Chemistry |