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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the characteristics of Intimacy?
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1. Knowledge
2. Caring 3. Interdependence 4. Mutuality 5. Trust 6. Commitment |
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What are the need for relationships?
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The need to belong, quanlity relationships important to health
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What are some historical changes in relationships?
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Fewer marriages
More cohabition More divorce More single mothers More babies born outside marriage |
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What are the three attachment styles?
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Secure (-->Secure)
Anxious-ambivalent (preoccupied) Avoidant (fearful or dismissing) |
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How does someone who is Secure act?
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They are secure in their place in the world
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How does someone who is preoccupied act?
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Want a relationship, don't think they deserve one
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How does someone who is fearful act?
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Scared of intimacy, abandonment
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How does someone who is dismissing act?
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They are fine on their own, don't need anyone
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What is the worst match?
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Preoccupied and dismissive
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What is the dating theory of Natural Selection?
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people have certain traits in dating
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What is personal/parental investment?
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Males wish to spread seed
Females need investment, someone to raise child |
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What is paternity certainty?
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Males want to know child is theirs
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What are concerns about cohabition?
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Higher risk of breakup
More divorces, longer the period Cohabiters less traditional Cohabiters more flaky |
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What are some causes of cohabition/relationship changes?
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Technology in birth control
Gender ratio-more females |
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What occurs depending on the gender ratio?
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More Females- men have options, less likely to settle down
Less Females- men hold onto women more, more conservative |
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How has technology affected relationships?
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Less face to face conversation
"Ambient awareness"- more awareness of people without knowing htem No non-verbals, more interpretation More public relationships |
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What is Ambient Awareness?
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Through technology, knowing of people without knowing them
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What are sex differences?
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Taught, learned through interaction ex. hair flipping
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What are gender differences?
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Biological differences
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What are the Five Big Traits of Personality?
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1. Extraversion
2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness- work 4. Neuroticism- pessimism 5. Openness to Experience |
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What is Self-Esteem?
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Global evaluation of yourself, based off of others
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What is Socio-biological Theory?
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Dating based off biology-
-Men want figure, fetility, spread the seed -Females want broad shoulders, protection, strength |
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What is Filter Theory?
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1. Proximity
2. Social Background 3. Attraction 4. Family Influence 5. Habits 6. Selected Partner |
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What is the Marriage Gradient?
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Women marry older, high status men
Men marry younger, prettier women |
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What is the Marriage Squeeze?
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Poor, young men and Educated, old women don't get married often
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What are Direct Rewards?
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Immediate rewards- their physical features
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What are Indirect Rewards?
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Attracted to someone because of situation (time/place/environment)
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What is Beauty's Halo Effect?
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When someone is pretty, assume they have all other good qualities
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What is beauty according to human perception?
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Symmetry,
Men like innocent baby face, short, young women Women like strong, chistled, taller men |
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What are some influence on the perception of beauty?
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Historical Period
Ethnicity- differences b/wn race Gender- men value physical attractiveness more then women Personality- self-moniters- some people care more about things |
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What is the Contrast Effect?
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when you compare yourself to others- feel better when compare to average
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What are negatives of being attractive?
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People are less trusting, used to flattery
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What is the idea of matching?
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People normally date people on their attractiveness level
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What is the equation for Desirability?
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Desirability = Attractiveness x Probability of acceptance
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What is the Principle of Homogeneity?
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We like people similar to ourselves
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What is mate worth?
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Social worth trade-
ex. money, beauty |
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What are Idealized others?
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Opposite who find traits they desire in a person
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What are complementary others?
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Opposites who have characteristics that complement each other
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What is the Romeo and Juliet effect?
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You want someone more because you can't have them
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What is Reactance?
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Situation leads someone to want another person more
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What are three sets that are valued in another person?
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1. Warmth and Loyalty- good personality, person
2. Attractiveness and Vitality- physical, youth, fertility 3. Status and Resources- money, job, house, resources |
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How long does it take to form a first impression?
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39-100 milliseconds, 5 seconds to make full impression
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Why are first impressions important?
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Stereotype and categorize
Primacy Effect Foundation for future expectations |
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What is conformation bias?
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Notice things that we already think, ignore contradictions
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What is primacy effect?
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when friend gives info about you, sets a path
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How does time affect how well you think you know something?
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Overconfident in how well we know others over time, but accuracy doesn't increase
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What are positive illusions?
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When you make your expectations to fit reality
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What are self fufilling prophecies?
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if you look for a certain person and treat them that way, it will happen
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What are attributions?
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why we think people do the things they do
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What are actor/observer effects?
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when actor does an action, observer more judgemental when do the same
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What is P and Q space?
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P space- day to day part of relationship
Q space- overall quality of how you think about relationship |
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Dysfunctional "Destiny" beliefs, what are they?
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1. Disagreements are destructive
2. Mindreading is essential 3. Partners never change 4. Sex should be perfect everytime 5. Men and women are different 6. Great relationships just happen |
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What are the "Growth" beliefs?
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1. Happy relationships are a result of hard work
2. Good relationships develop gradually 3. Any relationship can succeed if you work at it |
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What is self enhancement?
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We like people who tell us positive information about ourselves
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What is the Marriage Shift?
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when you go from friendship to marriage, want someone honest, not always nice
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What is impression management?
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Trying to influence what impressions of us that others form
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What is ingratiation?
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Taking a one down position, give praise
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What is self-promotion?
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showing good qualities to prove worth
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What is intimidation?
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making/forcing people to do things people want
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What is a high self moniter?
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Someone who is skilled at impression management, different among groups
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What is Social Penetration Theory?
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How do people know you over time
1. Breadth and depth 2. Reciprocity- tell about yourself, other does same 3. Responsiveness- you want the person to respond, but not return stuff |
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What are the differences for women in verbal communication?
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-Discuss feelings, personal matters, gossip
-Self disclose more -Less talking around men -more indirect |
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What are the differences for men in verbal communication?
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-discuss impersonal people/actions
-more direct -seek humor -self disclose less, talk more w/women |
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What is the Magic Ratio?
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5 positive interactions for every 1 negative interaction
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What is kitchen sinking?
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have a specific problem, but hold in and throw all problems in one argument
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What is yes-butting?
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when one tries to fix problem, other "yes, but" gives negative aspects to solutions
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What is drifting off-beam?
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can't stay on topic, end up exchanging problem for problem
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What is mind-reading?
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Expect person to know what your thinking, or you assume you know what they are thinking
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What is cross-complaining?
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when someone brings up complaint, raises another one
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What is a Volatile relationship?
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A lot of bickering, end up fighting over subjects
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What is the Avoidant relationship type?
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When one addresses a problem, another brushes it off
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What is the Validating relationship type?
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Recognize each other's problems, end up discussing matters that bother each other
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What are the Four Horsemen of the Apolocalypse?
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1. Criticism- attacking character, not behaviors
2. Contempt- extreme sarcasm, demeaning 3. Defensiveness- once you start getting criticized, start defending yourself 4. Stonewalling |
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What does generalizable mean?
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Applies to people in a population
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What is a "true" experimental study?
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Random assignment, experimentor has control over sample
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What is quasi-experimental studies?
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Only study people who volunteer, choose to study
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What is a descriptive study?
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Describe something, don't predict/explain
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What is a historical study?
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Study based on previous events
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What is a correlational study?
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as one thing happens, so does another, no causation
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What is one time data collection?
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One group, one time, data collection
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What is the Avoidant relationship type?
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When one addresses a problem, another brushes it off
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What is the Validating relationship type?
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Recognize each other's problems, end up discussing matters that bother each other
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What are the Four Horsemen of the Apolocalypse?
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1. Criticism- attacking character, not behaviors
2. Contempt- extreme sarcasm, demeaning 3. Defensiveness- once you start getting criticized, start defending yourself 4. Stonewalling |
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What does generalizable mean?
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Applies to people in a population
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What is a "true" experimental study?
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Random assignment, experimentor has control over sample
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What is quasi-experimental studies?
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Only study people who volunteer, choose to study
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What is a descriptive study?
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Describe something, don't predict/explain
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What is a historical study?
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Study based on previous events
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What is a correlational study?
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as one thing happens, so does another, no causation
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What is one time data collection?
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One group, one time, data collection
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What is cross-sectional time periods?
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go around asking different groups, a single time
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What is longetudal research?
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follow different groups over a long time
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What is retrospective research?
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ask about past events for research
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What is self report?
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people ask you questions about yourself
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What is other report?
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when subject reports on someone else
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What is physiological report?
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Reporting about something within the body
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What is meta-analysis?
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Looking at all studies with some different results
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What is the social desirability bias?
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You answer based on what you think the researcher wants to hear
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What is reactivity bias?
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Acting in an artificial matter
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What is recall bias?
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People have a hard time remembering what happened, exaggerate
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