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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Automatic body responses are the function of
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the autonomic nervous system
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Visceral reflexes regulate ________ function
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organ
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The knee-jerk reflex is mediated by ________ nerves
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somatic
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Visceral reflexes regulate
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organ functin such as heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, digestion, airflow , elimination and pupillary responses
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Lying activates the __________ nervous system
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sympathetic
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there are four steps to a visceral reflext
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1 - activation of a receptor
2 - transmision of sensory information to the CNS 3 - the processing of the information by the CNS 4 - the motor response sent to the effector organ(s) |
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pressure receptors are also known as
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baroreceptors
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Pupils when bored
pupils when excited |
constricted - small
dilate - large, to take it in |
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The Autonomic Nervous System is part of the ______________ that supplies motor activity to the visceral effector organs: glands, smooth muscles within organs and the heart
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peripheral nervous system
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Name the two divisions of the ANS
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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What is dual innervation
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when a single organ receives nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
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Stimulation of sympathetic fibers increases heart rate
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stimulation of parasympathetic fibers decrease heart rate
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In organs with dual innervation, the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity are ____________
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complimentary. The sympathetic and parasympathetic work in a complimentary way
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do all organs have dual innervation
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no - blood vessels are innervated only by the sympathetic nervous system
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Increased sympathetic activity on blod vessels causes constriction
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decreased sypatheti activity on blood vessels causes dilation
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When is the sympathetic nervous system activated
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during times of stress or threat - "fight or flight"
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What is autonomic dysreflexia
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a disordered experienced by a person with a high cervical spinal cord injury. Sympathetic and autonomic systems are not synchronized due to injury
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When is the parasympathetic nervous system most active
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it's most active during quiet, nonstressful times. It has a calming effect on the body
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What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play
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in the regulation of digetion and in the reproductive function "feed and breed" or "rest and digest"
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What is paradoxical fear
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hopeless situations where fight or flight seems futile - can result in uncontrolled urination and defecation, heart rate to decrease
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dangerously slow heart rate is called
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bradycardia "bradying down"
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the effects of adrenal medullary secretion most resembles
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sympathetic nerve discharge
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an adrenergic fiber is one that
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secreate norepinephrine as its transmitter
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alpha and beta receptors are
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called adrenergic receptors
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what is the primary effect of an alpha1 agonist
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increased heart rate
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what is most likely to increase the strength of cardic contraction
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beta1 adrenergic agonist
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a drug that acts as an anticholinesterase will activate
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muscarinic receptors
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what is the basis for the name "belladonna"
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mydriasis
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what is related to the "feed and breed" system
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craniosacral outflow
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sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
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innervate the viscera
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a drug that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called
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sympathomimetic
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what is an effect of a postganglionic parasympathetic discharge
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slowed heart rate
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vasomotor tone is
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caused by background firing of the sympathetic nerves supplying the blood vessels
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paravertebral ganglia
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are part of the thoracolumbar outflow
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a beta1 adrenergic agonist
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increases heart rate
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atropine is classified as a muscarinic antagonist or blocker and there is
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vagolytic
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the vagus nerve is
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cholinergic, it's transmitter is ACh, and it's effect on the heart is eliminated by a muscarinic blocker
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Vagal discharge activates
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muscarinic receptors
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Which drug classification lowers blood pressure
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sympatholytic
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a patient has vagally induced bradycardia. What will relieve bradycardia
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muscarinic antagonist
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what is descriptive of dual innervation of the autonomic nervous system
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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the autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the
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innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera
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sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because
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preganglionic fibers synapse with serveral postganglionic fibers
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sympathetic nervous system does not have
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a localized effect
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norepinephrine is liberated at
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most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
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