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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In birds, only ____ ovary and _____ are retained in adult as functional entities.
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left; oviduct
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Describe ovaries in bird
(hint: what does not develop, what is not well developed? what is very large compared to in mammal?) |
Ovaries not as compact as in mammals, cortex and medulla are distinguishable but medulla not as well developed
Have various size follicles, but antrum does not develop. |
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Birds don't have ______ and ______ b/c don't need implantationn...they lay implant their eggs in a nest.
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corpus lutum; progesterone.
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Female Avian Reproductive System
The follicle consists of extremely ______, a single layer of _______, _______interna and externa. |
large primary oocyte, single layer of of membrana granulosa cells, theca interna and externa
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5 parts of the avian oviduct:
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infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus (shell gland), vagina
cloaca not part of oviduct |
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Avian Isthmus
What epithelium? Gland type? |
-portion after magnum, which is responsible for formation of shell membrane (this is inside of hard shell)
-ciliated and non-ciliated columnar epithelium. -Numerous branched, tubular glands extended into lamina propria. |
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Avian Magnum
What epithelium type? Gland? What is secreted? |
-glandular structure (lot's of glands), which resp. for deposition of majority of egg white.
-epith. ciliated and non-ciliated simple COLUMNAR cells -lamina propria contains numerous branched, tubular glands, lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium responsible for release of ALBUMIN. note: once "egg" has been coated with albumin cannot be fertilized, so must be fertilized in infundibulum |
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avian uterus
What epithelium? Gland type? |
-functions as shell gland, secretory activity is responsible for formation of egg SHELL as well as dilution of albuminoids
(note: this is hard outer shell) -epithelium consist of intermittently ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells (could be simple columnar). Coiled tubular glands project into the underlying C.T. |
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avian vagina
What epithelium? Gland type? |
-mucosa has short mucosal folds and lined ciliated PSEUDOSTRATIFIED columnar w/some goblet cells
-portion is NONglandular except at utero-vaginal junction which have sperm-host glands to nourish and store sperm (for up to 30 days) |
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avian infundibulum
where located? neighboring structures? epithelial lining? |
top portion where fertiilization takes place
funnel like cranial extension of the duct. The mucosa is highly folded. lining epithelium is ciliated pseudostratified columnar (like in mammal). |
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Ovary epithelium?
What is layer beneath this? What is special about its structure? |
low cuboital
tunica albugines (thin layer of CT - thin so it can rupture |
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Two central areas / layers of ovary?
Exception? |
outer cortex (contains follicles and corpora lutea embedded in loose CT)
inner medulla note: these areas reversed in mares, also have depression called "ovulation fossa" which is where horse ovulation occurs. In other mammals ovulation can occur anywhere on cortex |
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At time of birth, female has fixed number of ______.
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primary oocyte
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list stages of follicular development
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primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, late secondary
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primordial follicles consists of
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initial stage:
primary oocyte + simple squamous epith |
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primary follicles consists of
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2nd stage:
primary oocyte + simple CUBOITAL epith |
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secondary follicle consists of
what begins to form?? |
3rd stage:
primary oocyte + stratified epith of cavity begins to form in center granulosa cells , which secrete zona pellucida around primary oocyte (theca cells go around this at end of stage) |
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theca cells
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form vascularized multilayer of stromal cells which envelops granulosa cells during late stage of 2ndary follicles
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In mature follicle, immediately before or just after ovulation
(depending on species), ..... |
primary oocyte completes
first meiotic division to give rise secondary oocyte and first polar bodies |
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have characteristic of steroid-secreting cells
which include abundant sER, mitochondria and numerus lipid droplets |
Theca interna cells
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Ovulation is caused by ________ and increased pressure of the antral fluid
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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(steroid-synthesizing cells)
After ovulation, ______cells proliferate and transform into large luteal cells, whereas _____cells contribute to small luteal cells of _______ |
-Granulosa cells
theca cells; of the corpus luteam note: both of these produce progesterone |
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regressed CL without ovulated
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corpus atreticum
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regressed CL of estrous cycle
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Corpus albicans
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Corpus hemorrhagicum
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in mares?
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Rete ovarii
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(embryonic remnants homologus to the rete tetis) more prominent in carnivores and ruminants.
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cervix epithelium and subsequent layers?
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simple columnar with goblet cell
mucosa submucosa t.muscularis t.serosa |
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vagina epithelium
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stratified squamous epithelium
w/lymphatic nodules |