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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antecedent boundaries
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A boundary line established before an area is populated.
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Balkanization
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The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries.
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Colonialism
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the expansion and perpetuation of an empire.
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
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Compact state
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A state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. (ex. Poland)
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Confederation
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A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.
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East/west divide
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Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of East Europe and Asia.
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Elongated State
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A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape. (ex. Chile)
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Enclaves
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Any small and relatively homogenous group or region surrounded by another larger and different group or region.
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European Union
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International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
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Exclave
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A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.
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Federalism
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A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographic territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
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Fragmented state
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A state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts. (ex. Malaysia)
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Frontier
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An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.
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Geometric boundary
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Political boundaries that are defined and delineated by straight lines.
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Heartland theory
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Hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
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Imperialism
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The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
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International orgainization
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An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination.
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Landlocked state
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A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes. (ex. Afghanistan)
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Law of the sea
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Law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
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Exclave
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A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.
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Federalism
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A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographic territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
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Fragmented state
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A state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts. (ex. Malaysia)
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Frontier
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An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.
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Geometric boundary
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Political boundaries that are defined and delineated by straight lines.
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Heartland theory
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Hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
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Imperialism
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The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
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International orgainization
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An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination.
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Landlocked state
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A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes. (ex. Afghanistan)
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Law of the sea
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Law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
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Lebensraum
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Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people.
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Microstate
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A state or territory that is small in both population and area.
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Nation
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Tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes.
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Nation-state
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A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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Agreement signed on January 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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An international organization that has joined together for military purposes.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
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An international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil.
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Perforated state
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A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state. (ex. Italy)
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Prorupted state
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A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory. (ex. Greece)
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REapportionment
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The process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories.
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Redistricting
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The drawing of new electoral district boundary liens in response to population changes.
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Relic boundaries
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Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography.
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Rimland theory
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Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest.
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Self-determination
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The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously.
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Sovereignty
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Supreme or independent political power.
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State
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A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community. (aka country)
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Subsequent boundaries
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Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area.
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Superimposed boundaries
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Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
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Supranational organization
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Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.
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Territorial organization
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Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land.
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Theocracy
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A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders.
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Unitary state
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A state governed constitutionally as a unit, without internal division or a federalist delegation of powers.
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United Nations
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A global supranational organization established at the end of World War II to foster international security and cooperation.
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