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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fellatio
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oral contact with the penis
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cunnilingus
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oral contact with the female genitals
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coitus
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sexual intercourse
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hymen
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fold of tissue across the vaginal opening present at birth and remains partially intact until coitus
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human sexuality
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the ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings
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legalism
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"ethical behavior is derived from an external source, such as a religion"
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situational ethics
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"ethical decision making should be guided by the situation and by genuine love for others"
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ethical relativism
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"there is no objective way of justifying one set of moral values over another"
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hedonism
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"pursuit of pleasure is the guide"
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asceticism
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"one denies sexual desires to devote oneself to spiritual pursuits"
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utilitarianism
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"moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number"
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rationalism
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"sexual decisions should be based on intellect and reason, not blind obedience"
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critical thinking
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scrutinizing definitions of terms and evaluating the premises of arguments and their logic
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critical thinkers
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-maintain open minds
-suspend beliefs until they have obtained and evaluated evidence |
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gender
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the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex
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gender roles
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complex clusters of ways in which males and females are expected to behave within a given culture
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values
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the qualities in life that are deemed important or unimportant, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
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example of legalism
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"The Old Testament contains prohibitions against adultery, incest, sexual activity with people of one's own gender, and bestiality."
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example of situational ethics
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"A woman who has been taught that abortion is the taking of a human life may find herself with limited resources and decide in favor of abortion."
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example of relativism
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"Cohabitation is tolerated in some cultures but considered immoral in others."
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example of hedonism
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"Hedonists might argue that sexual desires, like hunger or thirst, do not involve moral considerations."
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example of asceticism
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"Many ascetics in Western and Eastern religions seek to transcend physical and worldly desires."
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example of utilitarianism
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"We should be honest and just because it serves the greater good for people to be true to their word and treat each other justly."
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example of rationalism
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"The rationalist might decide that the personal consequences of continuing an unhappy marriage outweigh the effects on the family or the community at large."
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phallic worship
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worship of the penis as a symbol of generative power
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phallic symbol
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an image of the penis
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incest taboo
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the prohibition against intercourse and reproduction among close blood relatives
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bisexual
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sexually responsive to either gender
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pederasty
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sexual love of boys
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courtesan
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a prostitute--especially the mistress of a noble or wealthy man
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concubine
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a secondary wife, usually of inferior legal and social status
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bestiality
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sexual relations between a person and an animal
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sadism
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the practice of achieving sexual gratification through hurting or humiliating others
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fornication
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sexual intercourse between two people are not married to one another
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evolution
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the development of a species to its present state, which is believed to involve adaptations to its environment
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biological perspective of human sexuality
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focuses on the roles of genes, hormones, the nervous system, and other biological factors in human sexuality
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historical perspective
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-places sexual behavior and attitudes in context
-allows consideration of trends in sexual behaviors and attitudes |
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mutation
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a random change in the molecular structure of DNA
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genes
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the basic units of heredity, which consist of chromosomal segments of DNA
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chromosomes
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the rodlike structures that reside in the nuclei of every living cell and carry the genetic code in the form of genes
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DNA
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the chemical substance whose molecules make up genes and chromosomes
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natural selection
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the evolutionary process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit those traits to future generations
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psychoanalysis
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the theory of personality originated by Freud, which proposes that human behavior represents the outcome of clashing inner forces
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defense mechanisms
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in psychoanalytic theory, automatic processes that protect the ego from anxiety by disguising or ejecting unacceptable ideas and urges
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repression
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the automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conciousness
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erogenous zones
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parts of the body, including but not limited to the sex organs, that are responsive to sexual stimulation
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psychosexual development
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in psychoanalytic theory, the process by which sexual feelings shift from one erogenous zone to another
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oedipus complex
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in psychoanalytic theory, a conflict of the phallic stage in which the boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love
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behaviorists
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learning theorists who argue that a scientific approach to understanding behavior must refer only to observable and measurable behaviors
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social-cognitive theory
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a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning, values, and expectations play key roles in determining behavior
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feminist theory
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a theory that challenges acceptance of the male as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females
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***** theory
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a theory that challenges heteronormativity and heterosexism
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homophobia
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hatred of homosexuals
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historical perspective
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-perspective that places sexual behavior and attitudes in context
-allows consideration of trends in sexual behaviors and attitudes |
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prehistoric sexuality
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historical perspective that:
-female idolatry -phallic worship -phallic symbols -incest taboo |
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ancient hebrews
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historical perspective that:
-emphasized procreative function of sex -polygamy -sex strengthened marriage and solidified family -women considered property of men |
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ancient greeks
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historical perspective that:
-gods viewed as sexually adventurous -male-male sex was considered normal as long as it did not interfere with the family -pederasty -prostitution was very popular -courtesans and concubines -women held low social status |
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ancient romans
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historical perspective that:
-elite practiced sexual excesses, such as orgies, bestiality, and sadism -sexual terms that still exist today: fellatio, cunnilingus, fornication |
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early christians
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historical perspective that:
-temptations of flesh distractions from spiritual devotion -sex was restricted to marriage -divorce, masturbation, prostitution, same-sex relations, oral-genital contact, and anal intercourse were outlawed |
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islam
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historical perspective that:
-values marriage and sexual fulfillment in marriage only -only men can have more than one spouse -social interactions between men and women restricted |
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indians
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historical perspective that:
-hinduism views sex as a religious duty -sexual fulfillment can lead to reincarnation at a higher level -kama sutra |
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far east
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historical perspective that:
-Taoism (China)- sex is a form of worship that leads to harmony with nature, as well as imortality |
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middle ages
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historical perspective that:
-conflicting views of women |
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protestant reformation
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historical perspective that:
-priests allowed to marry and rear children -sex not just for procreation |
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coming to america
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historical perspective that:
-early settlers brought western views -women's place was in the home and fields |
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victorian era
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historical perspective that:
-sexuality was repressed -despite the prohibitions, prostitution was quite common |
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the foundations of the scientific study of sexuality
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historical perspective that:
-began during the victorian era -sexologists gained credence |
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sexual revolution
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historical perspective that:
-mid 60s to mid 70s -sexual views became more liberal -discussion and portrayals of sexuality accepted and commonplace |