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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of fire are portable fire extinguishers used for
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small fires in incipient or growth stage
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Portable extinguisher can extinguish or control a small fire in much less time than it would take to deploy a hoseline
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pg 233
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What do metropolitan fire departments require ff to carry
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initial attack team member must carry a water-type or mutipurpose portable extinguisher if the fire is small it is used to extinguish the fire
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What is NFPA 10
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portable fire extinguishers
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What are the 4 mechanisms that a fire extinguisher uses to put out the fire
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Smothering, Cooling, Chain Breaking (Chemical Chain Interruption), Saponification (forming an oxygen-excluding soapy form)
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Extinguishing agents that work by smothering are ineffective on what type of material
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Ones that are self-oxidizing
Ex magnesium if water is applied will flare up |
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Extinguishing Agent
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Substance used for the purpose of controlling or extinguishing a fire
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FF should not rely on privately owned extinguishers found in occupancies
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inoperable because of lack of maintenance, vandalism, or obsolete
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Where are portable extinguishers usually found
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Fixed facilities such as home or businesses and on fire apparatus
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NFPA 1901
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Automotive Fire Apparatus
Requires Fire trucks to carry extinguishers |
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What size,type, and how many extinguishers does NFPA 1901 require pumping apparatus to carry
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2 suitable extinguishers with mounting brackets for use on B and C fires
Minimum size for Dry chemical 80 B:C Minimum size for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 10 B:C It also requires apparatus to carry 2 1/2 gallon or larger water extinguisher for class a fires |
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Water-type extinguishers should be protected against freezing temp if they they exposed to temp below _____
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40 degree F
Freeze protection can be provided by adding antifreeze to water or store in warm areas |
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What are three ways portable extinguishers expel their contents?
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Manual Pump, Stored Pressure, Pressure Cartridge
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Dry Chemical
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extinguishing system that uses dry chemical powder as the primary extinguishing agent: often used to protect areas of volatile flammable liquids
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What is the most common extinguishing agent used on CLASS A fires
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Water
You can also use water based agent such as foam or Dry chemical |
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What agents do you use to extinguish CLASS B fires
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Carbon Dioxide CO2, dry chemical, and class b foam
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What agents do you use to extinguish CLASS C fires?
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First turn off or disconnect the electrical power and use appropriate extinguisher for what is burning
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What is a class C fire
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it is a class a or b fire created by electrical energy
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What is a special precaution with a class c fire
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They are electrically conductive.
Water and water-based agents cannot be safely used till electrical energy has been eliminated |
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What is ALLOY
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substance or mixture of 2 or more metals fused together and dissolved into each other to enhance properties or usefulness of base metal
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What are some alloys
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Magnesium, lithium, potassium, sodium
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How can you identify a CLASS D fire
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Bright White emissions from the combustion process
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What type of agent or extinguisher do you use on a CLASS D fire
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Dry Powder only DONT USE DRY CHEMICAL ON CLASS D
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What type of extinguishers are used for CLASS K fires
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Wet chemicals, or portable extinguishers for CLASS K
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Wet Chemical Station
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use wet chemical solution to extinguish found in range hoods and associated ducting where grease may accumulate
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Pump type Water extinguisher-- explain how work and Class of fire used on
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Used on Small Class A fires ONLY
Equipped with either a single or double acting pump pump may be in nozzle or pump in water tank |
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Stored Pressure Water Extinguishers-
What are other names for them |
Air pressurized water (APW)
Pressurized water extinguishers |
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Stored Pressure Water Extinguishers- what type of fire are they used on
What are they compressed with |
Used on Class A fires and for confined hot spots
Compressed with Air or Nitrogen |
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When the operating valve is depressed on Stored Pressure Water Extinguishers what happens?
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Stored pressure forces water up through the siphon tube and out through the hose.
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Can class A foam be added to Stored Pressure Water Extinguishers?
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Yes
It increases effectiveness serves as wetting agent to extinguish deep seated fires EX upholstered furniture or vehicle seats wildland fires in densely matted vegetation |
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Water-Mist Stored-Pressure Extinguishers describe them
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uses distilled water as the agent and nozzles that produce a fine spray instead of a solid stream.
The fine stream enhances the cooling and soaking charac of water and reduces scattering of burning materials |
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Can Water-Mist Stored-Pressure Extinguishers be used on a class C fire
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Yes Impurities in water make it electronically conductive. Distilled water is impurity free just steam
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Wet Chemical Stored-Pressure Extinguishers used to control fires in deep fryers what type of agent is used in them
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Special Potassium based low-ph agent used to control unsaturated cooking oils
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What is AFFF and what classes are they used on
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Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Class A and B |
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AFFF is especially useful in?
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Suppressing vapors from small liquid fuel spills
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Define AFFF
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Synthetic foam concentrate that when combined with water can form complete vapor barrier over fuel spill and fires. Also called light water very useful for hydrocarbons
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How are AFFF extinguishers different from Stored pressure water extinguishers
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AFFF uses specific amount of afff with water
Use an air aspirating nozzle that aerates foam solution better quality foam |
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How is AFFF expelled form extinguisher
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Compressed air or Nitrogen stored in tank
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Water are two way's AFFF can be applied to prevent vapor seal
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Rain Down or Deflecting off an object
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How does AFFF extinguish the fire
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When AFFF and water are the mixed the finished foam floats on the surface of fuels that are lighter than water. The vapor seal created by film extinguishes the fire
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Will AFFF work on Polar Solvents? Name some Polar Solvents
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No Polar solvents mix with water
Alcohol Acetone |
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AFFF are suitable for what class of fires
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Class A and B
NOT C OR D |
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AFFF not suitable on 3 dimensional fires ex fuel flowing down elevated point most effective on static pools of flammable liquids
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PG 241
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AFFF is corrosive and can remove paint from tools and apparatus
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pg 241
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Clean Agent Extinguishers what are the pressurized with?
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Argon Gass
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Clean Agent Extinguishers what where they designed to specifically replace
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Halon 1211 liquefied compressed gas
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Clean Agent Extinguishers describe how they work
What are some types of clean agents |
discharge clean agents as rapidly evaporating liquid that leaves no residue
Hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCCF) hydoflurocarbon (HFC) Perflurocarbon (PFC) Fluoroidiocarbon (FIC) |
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What types of fires can Clean Agents be applied
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Class A and B and even C because they are non-conductive
Clean agents are approved by EPA |
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Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers are effect on what Class of fires
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Class B and C
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What are the limitations of Carbon Dioxide CO2 extinguishers
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Discharge is in form of gas so have limited reach.
Effected by the wind |
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Do CO2 extinguishers need freeze protection
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No
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Carbon Dioxide is stored under its own pressure as a liquefied gas
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Pg 241
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When carbon Dioxide is discharged what happens
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gaseous discharge is accompanied by dry ice crystals or dry ice (snow) the snow (Sublimes) changes to a gaseous from without becoming a liquid
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What happens when Co2 is discharged form a horn of extinguisher
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Static electrical charge builds on horn that could shock you
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How does Co2 extinguisher work
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It displaces the oxygen and smothers fire
Even though CO2 is discharged at subzero temp it has little cooling effect on fire CO2 produces no vapor suppressing film so RE-IGNITION IS ALWAYS A DANGER |
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Where are CO2 wheeled extinguishers commonly used
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Airports or Industrial Facilities, Refineries
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How long is the hose on a wheeled co2 unit
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usually less than 15 feet must be deployed or unwound from unit before use.
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CO2 extinguishers are distinguishable by the
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Large discharge horn
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Dry Chemical Extinguishers are used to extinguish what type of fires
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Class A-B-C or B-C fires
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What are 2 types of Dry Chemical extinguishers
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B:C rated one
Multipurpose A:B:C rated one |
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What agents are used in dry chemical extinguishers 5 of them
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Sodium Bicarbonate
Potassium Bicarbonate Urea-potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Chloride Monoammonium Phosphate |
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What is the most common type of portable extinguisher in use today
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Dry Chemical
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In dry chemical manufacturing process agents are mixed with small amounts of additives that make agents resist moisture and prevent caking. Can be stored for long periods of time and are free flowing
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pg 243
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Some dry chemicals are not compatible with foam will break down foam blanket name 2
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Monoammonium Phosphate Agent
Sodium Bicarbonate Agent |
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Are dry chemical agents toxic
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No they are considered safe to use.
They will reduce viability and create respiratory problems |
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Are dry chemicals corrosive
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Yes they are corrosive to metals Carbon Dioxide may be a better choice
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Corrosive Materials
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Gaseous.liquid, or solid materials that can burn, irritate, or destroy human skin tissue and corrode steel
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What are the 2 basic designs for hand held dry chemical extinguishers
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Cartridge Operated
Stored Pressure |
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Stored Pressure Type Dry Chemical explain how they work
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Similar to air pressurized water ext
Contain 200 psi of constant pressure |
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Cartridge Operated Co2 how do they work ?
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Employ a pressure cartridge connected to agent tank
The tank is not pressurized until plunger is pushed to release the gas from the cartridge |
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What type of gad is used to pressurize Cartridge Operated and Stored pressure Dry Chemical Extinguishers
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Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen are used to charge these
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Cartridge operated Dry chemical extinguishers use carbon dioxide as the pressurizes gas unless they subject to freezing temperatures in this case they use ?
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Dry Nitrogen
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Dry Chemical Wheeled Units what are they similar to ?
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Cartridge operated extinguishers.
Agent is kept in one tanks and pressurized gas is stored in another compartment |
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What are the steps to use a Dry Chemical Wheeled Unit ?
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Position extinguisher at the fire
hose should be stretched out completely before charged. ( if charged it can make the hose more difficult and powder can pack in bends of hose then introduce pressurized gas into tank allow a few seconds to fully pressurize Significant nozzle reaction will be felt when opened |
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What are to ways to apply dry powder to a fire
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Portable Extinguisher, Wheeled Units
Shovel or Scoop |
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Is one Class D agent effective against all metals
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No some are effective in several types of metal fires while some are only effective on one type
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What is the appropriate technique for applying class d agents
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Follow manufactures technical sales literature
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How must Dry Powder be applied to extinguish a fire
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Must be applied at a sufficient depth to completely cover the area burning to create a smothering blanket
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What happens if crust is broken on class d fire ?
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Fire may flare up and expose more uninvolved material to combustion
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How do you extinguish a small amount of burning metal on a combustible surface?
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The fire should be first covered with powder. Then a layer of 2 to 3 inches should be spread nearby and burning metal shoveled onto this layer with more powder as needed
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In class D fire the metal once treated with dry powder should be left alone until cooled completely don't move until completely cooled
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Pg 246
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Class A and B extinguishers are rated according to _________
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Performance Capability which is represented as a number
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The classification and numerical number system is based on tests conducted by _________
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Underwriting Laboratories (UL) or UL OF Canada (ULC)
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What are Class A Extinguishers rated from what to what ?
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1-A - 40-A
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What are Class B Extinguishers rated from what to what ?
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1-B - 640-B
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What are Class A extinguisher ratings based on ?
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Amount of extinguishing agent, duration, and range used in extinguishing test fires
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Class A ratings are based on burning of what
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Wood Cribs
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What are Class B extinguisher ratings based on ?
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Based on approx square foot area of a flammable liquid fire that a non-expert operator can extinguish. The non expert operator is expected to extinguish a 1 square foot area for each numerical rating or value of extinguisher
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Class C ratings explain
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No capability testing is conducted on class C. Because electricity doesn't burn they are basically Class A and B fires. Testing is done to make sure they are not electrically conductive
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What factors are considered when testings agents for class D fires. 4 factors?
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Reactions between Metal and Agent
Toxicity of the Agent Toxicity of the fumes produced and products of combustion Time allow metal to burn out without fire suppression efforts vs time to extinguish fire |
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Where are the instructions for Class D extinguishers?
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On the faceplate of the extinguisher
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How long has the Class K rating been recognized by UL
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Since 1996
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What is the Main Agent in Wet Chemicals
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ALKALINE MIXTURE CONTAINING
potassium acetate,potassium carbonate,potassium citrate, these work by saponifying |
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What surface area of a deep fryer must class K agents extinguish
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2.25 square feet
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What are the three most common multiple markings on a extinguisher
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1. A-B-C 2. A-B 3. B-C
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All new portable fire extinguishers must be marked labeled with appropriate markings. Any extinguisher not marked should not be used
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PG248
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What are the two ways Portable extinguishers are marked and which system is recommended
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one way uses geometric shapes of specific colors with letter class inside shape
The second uses pictographs to make selection easier it also shows the type of fires it should not be used on. This is recommend by NFPA 10 |
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What is shape and color for Ordinary Combustibles?
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Green Triangle
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What is shape and color for Flammable liquids
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Red Square
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What is shape and color for Electrical
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Blue circle
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What is shape and color for Combustible Metals
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Yellow Star
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What is shape and color for K or Kitchen
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Black Octagon
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When selecting the proper fire extinguisher what 8 things should you consider?
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Classification of burning fuel
Rating of extinguisher Hazards to be protected Size/Intensity of the Fire Atmospheric Conditions Any Life Hazard or Operational Concerns Ease of handling the Extinguisher Availability of trained personnel |
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Before attempting to use a extinguisher in an emergency what should you check 4 things?
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External condition
Hose/Nozzle in place Weight feels as though it has agent Pressure gauge in operable range |
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From what side do you approach to put fire out with a extinguisher
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The windward side. Wind to your back
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What memorization method is used to guide a person to extinguish a fire with extinguisher
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P -- Pull Pin
A-- Aim at base of fire S-- Squeeze the handle S-- Sweep nozzle back and forth |
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Lay empty extinguishers on side after use.
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pg 252
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NFPA 10 requires extinguishers to be inspected ?
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yearly
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Servicing or extinguishing equipment is responsibility of ?
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Property owner or building occupant
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What are the 3 factors that determine value of the extinguisher?
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Its Serviceability
Its Accessibility Its Simplicity of Operation |
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Who requires hydrostatic testing of extinguisher cylinders
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Department Of Transportation and Transport Canada
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If a extinguisher only shows slight damage or corrosion but it is uncertain on safety or use what should you do with it
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Have it hydrostatic tested
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When were Inverted type extinguishers not made anymore?
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1969
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What are the types of Inverted Extinguishers?
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Soda Acid
Foam Internal cartridge operated water and loaded stream internal cartridge dry chemical |
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Because of toxicity carbontetrachloride and chlorobromomethane extinguishers using this were prohibited in workplace under what osha regulations
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29 CFR 1910.157 subpart L (C) (5) dated September 12, 1980 required employers to remove these by January 1982
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What International Treaty required complete termination and use of halon
What year was it adopted and what year was use supposed to stop by |
Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer
1987 adopted 2000 termination of halon |
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In what year did us stop making halon
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1993
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Define Halon
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halognated hydrocarbons that contain carbon plus one or more elements ( fluorine,chlorine, bromine, or iodine
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What is halon's main use for
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Highly sensitive electronic equipment
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What are two most common types of halon extinguishers
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Halon 1211
Halon 1301 |
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What was halon 1211 replaced with
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Fe-36 hexafluoropropane
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What was halon 1211 used for
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Class b-c fires
Extinguishers over 9 lbs had a low class a rating of 1-a -4-a depending on size Had wheeled units up to 150lbs |
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How was halon 1211 stored
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stored as a liquefied compressed gas
nitrogen was added to increase discharge pressure. It came out as a clear liquid stream |
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What has halon 1301 been replaced with?
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FE-241 chlorotetrafluoroethane
and FM-200 heptafluropropane |
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How is halon 1301 discharged
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nearly invisible gas highly susceptible to wind. It dispensed fast and required low concentrations. Agent of choice in most total flooding systems
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