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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Levels of Biological Organization
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Atoms, Molecules, DNA Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms
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Atoms
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Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element. Surrounded by electrons.
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Molecules
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Union of two or more atoms of the same elementThe smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compoundExample: O2
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Cells
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Structional and functional unit of an organism.The smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life.
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Tissues
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Group of similar cells that perform a common function.
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Organs
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Combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function.
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Organ Systems
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Group of related organs working together.
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Organism
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Individual living thing.
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Biology
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Scientific study of life.
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Motile
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Capable of moving.In humans, the movement of organs like the stomach.
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Order of theClassification of Living Things
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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Domains
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Archea, Bacteria, Eukarya
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Domain
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Largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species.
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Kingdoms within Domain Eukarya
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Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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Phylum" is between which classification strata?"
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Kingdom and Class.
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How many classification strata is Class" away from "Domain"?"
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Two:Domain, Phylum, Class
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In what position is Order" from the top of the Classification of Living Things?"
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Five.Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order
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Which classification strata come AFTER Family"?"
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Species, Genus, Family
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Genus
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Species that share very similar characteristics.
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Species
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Group of similarly constructed organisms.Capable of interbreeding.Organisms that share a common gene pool.
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Classification of Humans:Domain Eukarya
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Cells with nuclei.
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Classification of Humans:Kingdom Animala
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Multicellular, motile, ingestion of food.
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Classification of Humans:Phylum Chordata
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Dosal supporting rod and nerve cord.
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Classification of Humans:Class Mammalia
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Hair, mammary glands.
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Classification of Humans:Order Primates
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Adapted to climb trees.
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Classification of Humans:Family Hominidae
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Adapted to walk erect.
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Classification of Humans:Genus Homo
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Large brain, tool use.
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Classification of Humans:Species Homo sapiens
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Body proportions of modern humans.
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Taxonomy
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Assignment of binomial names to each species.
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Taxonomy Formatting
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Always consists of Genus, then SpeciesBoth in italics.Only Genus is capitalizedGenus can be shortened to first inital when paired with species.
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Characteristics of Life (seven)
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Living things are organizedLiving things acquire materials and energyLiving things reproduceLiving things respond to stimuliLiving things are homeostaticLiving things grow and developLiving things have the capacity to adapt
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Steps of the Scientific Method
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Observation > Hypothesis > Experiment/Observations > Conclusion>Hypothesis>Scientific Theory
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Observations
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Data are collected before a conclusion is drawn.
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Hypothesis
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Guess formulated after making observations.
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Experimental Design
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A test that controls the conditions under which experimental observations are made.
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Experimental Variable
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A treatment that is varied in an experiment to test a hypothesis.
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Response Variable
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Result or change that occurs due to the exerimental variable.
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Inductive Reasoning
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Using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis.
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Deductive Reasoning
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Process of logic and reasoning using if...then" statements."
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Data should be...
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Data should be observable and objective.Data should not be subjective or based on opinion.
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How is mathematical data often presented?
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Statistics are often presented in graphs or tables.
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Conclusion
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Statement made following an experiment as to whether the results support the hypothesis.
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Populations
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All the members of a single species that occur in a particular area.
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Community
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Populations interact with each other within a community.
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Ecosystem
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Populations interact together to form a community, which interacts with the environment to form an ecosystem.
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Characteristics of Ecosystems
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Chemical cyclingEnergy flow
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Domain Archea(three points)
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Unicellular organisms No membrane-bounded nucleusReproduce asexually
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Domain Eukarya(3 points)
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Uni- to multicellular organismsMembrane bounded nucleusSexual reproduction is common
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Autotrophic
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An organism that can capture energy and synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients.
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Heterotrophic
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Organism that cannot synthesize organic molecules. Must take in organic nutrients (food).
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Prokaryote
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Lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Cell type in domains Bacteria and Archea.
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