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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pavlov |
dog experiment: salivation before food (learned) -conditioned (reflex)(CS-CR) -unconditioned reflexes (US-UR) saw himself as scientific psychologist -psychology of digestion -inspired america to behaviorism |
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Pavlov's behaviorism |
psychology is different than the consciousn mind. for him psycholgy is behavior, same as Watson |
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psychology of digestion |
observing normal disgestive functions, natural experiment -soldier with an open stomach in the end, his study with dogs got him a nobel prize |
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conditioned reflexes |
unconditioned stimulus: US unconditioned response: UR = UNCONDITONED REFLEX (descartes fire) conditioned stimulus: CS conditioned response: CR =CONDITIONED REFLEX -the shorther the interval between CS+US the better the conditioning (CS ALWAYS BEFORE US) |
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higher order conditioning |
US - UR CS - CR |
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Generalisation |
CR can be elicited by stimuli similar to original CS (bell with an slightly higher or lower piton) |
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Differentiation |
dissimilar stimulus occurs without reinforcement |
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Pavlov's theory of the Brain |
-UR mediated by connections (sensory nerver-motor nerves) -CR occurred by connecting stimuli with responses in new combinations -"evidence" in ablating cortex= CR loss+ never learned any new CRS again |
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Pavlov noted differences in experimental neuroses |
-animals that had a naturally active temperament became aggressive whilist the others became depressive -experimental neuroses symptons depend on whether you have exilatory or inhibitory predilectionf of the brain -tried to comtemplate the theory for human psychopathology |
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Watson |
major founder of american behaviorism |
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Behaviorism |
differs in 3 ways from the traiditonal psychology: 1-it must be completely objective 2-predict + control over behavior rather than describe + explain 3- no disntrinction between humans and aniamls |
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Condtioning Emotions Reactions |
studying of infants to understand which emotions are uncondtioned innate: fear, rage and lvoe everything else is learned |
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experiment on emotions: Little albert |
US: loud noise ur: fear CS: white rat |
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advertising + behaviorism |
-radical environmentalism: environment has a greater importance than hereditary in determing behavior -"give me a dozen healthy infants and i guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist i might select" |
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little albert study revised: Jones |
if fear can be created through conditioning, then perhaps it can also be removed: -peter was scared of habits: -systematic desensitization (showing a pleasant stimulus at the same time as the rabbit) -direct conditioning: having other infants around that are not scared -social imitation |
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Watson legacy |
-rise of neobehaviorism in America |
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Skinner + operant conditioning |
study of different kinds of learned behavior: operant conditioning -variations of contingencies of reinforcement (conditions under which responses were reinforrce or not) |