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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Institutions
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Major spheres of social life or societal subsystems organized to meet human needs. |
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Economy
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The social institution that organizes a society's production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
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Goods
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Commodities ranging from necessities (such as food, clothing, or shelter) to luxury items (such as cars, swimming, pools, and yachts). |
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Services
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Activities that benefit people (including the work of priests, physicians, and teachers).
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Postindustrial Economy
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A productive system based on service work and computer technology.
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Primary Sector
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The part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment. |
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Secondary Sector
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The part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods. |
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Tertiary Sector |
The part of the economy that involves service rather than goods. |
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Capitalism |
An economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services that are privately owned. -Private ownership of property -Pursuit of personal profit -Competition and consumer choice |
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Socialism
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-Collective ownership of property -Pursuit of collective goals -Government control of the economy |
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Welfare Capitalism
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-Under welfare capitalism, a nation's government owns some of the largest industries and services, such as transportation, mass media, and health care. |
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State Capitalism
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An economic political system in which companies are privately owned but cooperate closely with the government.
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Labor Unions
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Organizations that seek to improve wages and working conditions through various strategies, including negotiations and strikes. |
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Profession
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A prestigious white-collar occupation that requires extensive formal education. |
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Self-Employment |
-80% of labor force was self-employed in 1800 -6.7% of labor force is self-employed today. |
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Corporation
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An organization with a legal existence, including rights and liabilities, separate from that of its members. |
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Conglomerate
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-Conglomerates form as corporations enter new markets, spin off new companies, or merge with other companies. Ex: PepsiCo is a conglomerate that includes Pepsi-Cola, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Quaker. |
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Monopoly
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The domination of a market by a single producer. |
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Oligopoly
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The domination of a market by a few producers. |
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Traditional Authority
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Power legitimized by respect for long-established cultural patterns. |
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Rational-legal Authority
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Power legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations (also known as bureaucratic authority) |
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Charismatic Authority |
Power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience. |
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Routinization of Charisma
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The transformation of charismatic authority into some combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority. |
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Monarchy
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A political system in which a single family rules from generation to generation. |
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Democracy
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A political system that gives power to the people as a whole.
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Authoritarian
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A political system that denies the people participation in government.
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Totalitarianism
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A highly centralized political system that extensively regulates people's lives.
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Welfare State
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A system of government agencies and programs that provides benefits to the population. |
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Pluralist Theory
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-Claims that political power is spread widely in the United States |
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Power-Elite Theory |
-Termed by C. Wright Mills, a social-conflict theorist who argued that the upper class holds most of society's wealth, prestige, and power. |
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Marxist Political-Economy Theory |
An analysis that explains politics in terms of the operation of a society's economic system. -Claims that our political agenda is determined by a capitalist economy, so true democracy is impossible. |
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Political Revolution |
The overthrow of one political system in order to establish another.
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Terrorism
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Acts of violence used as a political strategy by an individual or a group. |
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War
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Organized, armed conflict among the people of two or more nations, directed by their governments. |
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Military-Industrial Complex
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The close association of the federal government, the military, and defense industries.
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