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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tissue |
A collection of similar cells and their intracellular substances. |
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98% of the body is composed of six elements |
*oxygen *carbon *hydrogen *nitrogen *calcium *phosphorus |
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levels of organization in the human body |
*chemical level *cellular level |
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All cellular components that make up a cell... |
*plasma membrane *nucleus *ribosomes *endoplasmic reticulum (ER) *Golgi Apparatus *lysosome *mitochondria |
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Four types of tissues in the body |
*muscle *nervous *connective *epithelial |
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Ten systems that make up the human body |
*integumentarty *skeletal *muscular *nervous *endocrine *cirulatory *cardiovascular *lymphatic *respiratory *digestive *urinary *reproductive |
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Plasma Membrane |
*Outer layer of cell *made up of mostly proteins and phospholipid bilayer *transports and allow milecules to pass through *made up of fatty acids |
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Phospholipid Bilayer |
Made of glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate group. Proteins are embedded in these bilayer sheets. |
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Respiratory System |
Consist of lungs and air passageways leading to and from them, including: throat, mouth, trachea, and bronchi. It supplies oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide and regulates pH balance of body. |
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Components of Blood |
*Plasma *Erythrocytes *Leukocytes *platelets |
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The role of the heart in training |
It helps the heart to beat less beats per minute. |
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Digestive System |
Consists of digestive tract and glands that secrete digestive juices into digestive tract respnsible for the breakdown of foods and waste elimination. |
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Nervous System |
Comprised of the brain and spinl cord, sense organs, and nerves. Regulates other sytems. two major parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Periheral Nervous system (PNS). |
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Fatty Acids |
Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils. |
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Triglycerides |
The storage form of fat made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol group. |
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Insulin |
A polypeptide hormone functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especialy the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level. |
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Glucose |
Principle circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body. |
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Nucleus |
*Control center of cell *situated in the center of the cell *slightly darker than the surrounding cytoplasm *initiates cell division *contains DNA & RNA. |
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Ribosomes |
*Small spherical organelles *made up of protein and RNA *most numerous of cell organelles (found scattered thruout cytoplasm and along other organelle surfaces, the ER) *located in cytoplasm *Function in pairs, subunits. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
*Forms a network of intr cellular canals with in cytoplasm *exists in two forms: Smooth ER & Rough ER |
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Smooth ER |
*with out ribosomes attached *Function is less clear *site of steroid synthesis in the testes and adrenal glands |
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Rough ER |
*with ribosomes attached *where proteins and other biomolecules can be made and transported thru canal to other parts cell of and outside the cell. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
*consists of stacks of tiny, oblong sacs embedded in cytoplasm of cell near nucleus. *Responsible for synthesis of carb biomolecules (then combines with proteins made in the ER to form glycoproteins) |
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Lysosome |
*sac like structure *size and shape change with degree of activity *contain variety of enzymes *play small roll in destroying bad bacteria within cell. |
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Mitochondria |
*powerhouse of cell *small complex organeles *resemble a sausage in shape *consist of a smooth outer membrane, which surrounds an inner membrane *Where ATP is setored; which powers biologival functions *traps and stores energy in the ATP molecule |
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Glycogen Granules |
Store glycogen and enzymes for glycogen breakdown and synthesis. |
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Gluconeogenesis |
-chemical process that converts lactate and pyruvate back into glucose *Glucose and glycogen formation *occurs in the cytoplasm *faty acid synthesis *Activation of amino acids *glycolysis |
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Glycoloysis |
The metabolic process that creates energy from the splitting of glucose to form pyruvic acid or lactic acid and ATP. |
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Tissues |
Aggregation of cells bound together working to perform a common function. |
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Epithelial Tissues |
*Your skin, most of bodies inner cavaties, and makes up several glands *serve to protect underlying cells from bacterial invasion, adverse chemicals or drying *function as absorbing and secreting tissues (digestive system glands) *divided into four groups according to the shape of the cells they are made up of |
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Squamous Epithelium |
Tissue composed of one layer of flat cells. Is located in the linings of the mouth, esophagus and blood and lymphatic vessels.
*composed of one or more cell layers, most superficial of which is composed of flat, scalelike, or platelike cells. |
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Cuboidal epithelium |
*made of cube shaped cells *found in lining of kidney tubules *consisting of one or more cell layers, most superficial of whichc is composed of cube-shaped or somewhat prismatic cells. |
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columnar tissue |
*resembles column or pillar *cells widespread throughout body forming linings in degestive tract and respiratory tract. *some have small hairs; Cilia (cilia beat rhythmically and move materials out of passage) |
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Glandular |
*Epithelial cells secrete mucous and hormones, like those of salivary and thymus gland *Of, relating to, affecting, or resembling a gland or its secretion. |
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Connective Tissue |
*widespread throughout body *serve to connect structures and provide suppoort (muscle to bone, bone to bone) *composed of cells embedded in a non-living matrix. *consists mostly of intracellular material *consistency is soft gel, firm but flexible |
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Three Fibers found in Connective Tissues |
*Collagen Fibers *Reticular Fibers *Elastic Fibers |
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Collagen Fibers |
*tough and strong *major fibrous component of: sin, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, teeth *made up of: Amino acids glycine, proline, lysine, hydroxy proline, hydroxy lysine. *occurs in bundles which gives it strength. |
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Reticular Fibers |
*delicate and supportive *occur in networks and supports delicate structures such as: capillaries, nerve fibers |
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Elastic Fibers |
*Elastic and expendable |