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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what name is given to the total variation that exists amongsts living things on earth ??? |
biodiversity |
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what nameis given to factors that affect a species and are a result of the activities of living things ??? |
biotic factors |
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give some examples of biotic factors that can affect a species. |
availability of food, disease , predators. |
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what name is given to factors that can affect a species, that are non-living ??? |
Abiotic factors |
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name some Abiotic factors that can affect a species. |
ph, temprature, rainfall, light intensity. |
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Name the biological unit that is made up of living and non-living parts ??? |
ecosystem |
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what name is given to a place where an organism lives ??? |
Habitat |
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Name three humsn influences over the enviroment that reduces biodiversity. |
Air pollution , deforestation and desertificstion. |
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when animals graze ,what grazing pressure should be applied by the animals to promote biodiversity ??? |
medium pressure |
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name two gases that contribute to acid rain ??? |
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. |
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When electricity-generating power stations that use water as a coolant , put the warm water back into the river, whata happens to the amount of dissolved oxygen ??? |
Decreases the amount of oxygen |
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what two factors are used to distinguish between biomes? |
climate change and the flora (plants) and fuana (animals) that live there. |
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what name is used to describe an organisms role in the community and its whole way of life ??? |
Niche |
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which type of organism is always found at the start of a food chain ??? |
Producer (plant) |
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what name is given to an organism that consumes a producer ??? |
Primary consumer |
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what name is given to an oranism that consumes a primary cosumer ??? |
secondary consumer |
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name the two ways in which energy is lost at each stage in a food chain ??? |
Heat and movement |
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Name the type of pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each stage in a food chain. |
Pyramid of NUmbers |
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Name the type of pyramidthat shows the (total mass of living thing matter) at each stage in a food chain. |
Pyramid of biomass |
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Name the type of pyramid that shows the total enrgy at each stage in a food chain. |
Pyramid of energy |
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Name the process by which nitrogen is recycled betwwen the air, soil, animals and plants. |
Nitrogen cycle |
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Name the stage of the nitrogen cycle where nitrogen gas is taken directly from the air and changed into nitrates ??? |
Nitrogen fixation |
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Which plants can carry out nitrogen-fixation ??? |
Peas, beans and clover. |
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Name the process by which nitrates can be converted back to nitrogen gas in one step. |
Denitrification |
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Name the process by which waste material from plants and animals is broken down by bacteria into ammonia. |
Decomposition |
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26. Name the process by which the ammonia in the nitrogen cycle is converted to nitrites and then nitrates. |
Nitrification |
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27. Name the type of competitiion that occurs between members of different species for a resource that is short supply. |
Interspecific competition |
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28. Name the type of competition that occurs between members of the SAME species for a resource that is in short of supply. |
Intraspecific competition |
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29. Which squirrel outo of brown and gray is more successful at competing for resources ??? |
grey squirrel |
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30. Which trout out of brown trout and rainbow trout is more successful at competing for resources ??? |
Rainbow trout |
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31. which type of competition is shown by cress seeds in a dish competing for light, water and soilnutrients ??? |
Intraspecific competition |
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32. How do birds like robins and grouse reduce aggression between members of the same species during intraspecific competition ??? |
Build territories |
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33. What do robins do to defend their territories ??? |
Puff out their red chest, sing loud pitched songs and use social signals. |
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34. What name is give to the sampling technique whereby a beaker is placed in the soil and covered over to try and sample the organisms in a soil ecosystem ??? |
Pitfall trap |
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35. Why might you not get an accurate picture of what is in a soil ecosystem ??? |
Aniamls may eat each other if left in the trap too long. |
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36. What sampling technique is needed to sample plants growing in a field ??? |
Quadrats |
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37. What sampling technique is neede to sample the type of organisms in a tree ??? |
Tree-beating |
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38. Why might you not get an accurate picture about the types of organism that are in the tree when using tree-beating ??? |
organisms may miss the mouth of the net or the tray below, some may fly away, or some may not become disoldged in the firstplace. |
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What sampling technique is used to sample organisms in water ??? |
Water net |
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What sampling technique is used to sample organisms in water ??? |
Water net |
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40. Why might you not get an accurate picture of what is in the water when using a water net ??? |
Organisms might miss the mouth of the net or they swim through the holes |
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41. What instrument can be used to measure light intensity in an ecosystem??? |
Light meter |
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42. why might the reading on a light meter not be accurate ??? |
Somebody might create a shadow by standing in the way of the sensor. |
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43. Which instrument can be used to measure moist content of the soil ??? |
Moisture meter |
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43. Which instrument can be used to measure moist content of the soil ??? |
Moisture meter |
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44. Why might you not get an accurate reading when a moisture meter ??? |
Prior not being wiped in between readings. |
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45. Which instrument can be used to measure the ph of the soil ??? |
Ph meter |
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46. What name is given to a change in the structure or composition of an organism’s genetic material ??? |
Mutation |
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49. Name some mutagenic agents. |
X-rays, gramma rays, Uv light and mustard gas. |
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50. What name is given to inherited characteristics that make an organism well-suited to its enviroment ??? |
Adaptation |
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51. What does a desert kangaroo rat do to try and avoid the heat during the day ??? |
Burrows underground where it is cooler. |
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52. What name is given to the process by which the organisms with the phenotypes best suited to the enviroment are selected, survive to reproductive age and pass on their genes to the next generation. The poorer members are also weeded out and die before being able to pass on their genes to the next generation ??? |
Natural selection |
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53. What name is given to the process by which a new species is made ??? |
Specification. |
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54. Define a species. |
A group of interbreeding organisms that are able to produce fertile offspring. |
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55. Name the steps invloved in the formation of a new species (specification). |
Large interbreeding population, isolation barrier splits the group up, muations happen in each of the two groups, natural selection occurs in each group, many natural selections later a new species is fromed, as the two groups are unable to interbreed once the barrier is removed. |
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56. What name is given to the growing of the vast population of one type of crop plant ??? |
Monoculture |
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57. Why is there a need for an increse in food yield compared to the food yield in the 1800s ??? |
Increased population |
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58. Which nutrient can get depleted from soil if crops are constantly growing on the same bit of soil ??? |
Nitrogen |
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59. What chemical can be added to soil to replace the nitrates and phosphates that are depleted ??? |
Fertilisers |
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60. If excess fertiliser is added to a river, which water plants will use it as a source of food ??? |
Algea |
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61. What name is given to the rapid growth of algae which use fertiliser as a source of food ??? |
Algae Bloom |
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62. When algae die in large numbers after growing too fast who decomposes them ??? |
Bacteria |
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63. What happens to the number of bacteria that decompose the algae in a river full of fertiliser and what happens to the oxygen levels ??? |
Number of bacteria increase, oxygen levels decrease |
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64. What do reduced oyxgen levels in the river to the fish ??? |
Kills them |
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65. Who would feed on dead fish in a river ??? |
Bacteria |
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66. What chemicals can be added to Crops to kill off pests which may ruin a crop ??? |
Pesticides |
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67. What name is given to species that by their presence can tell you about the levels of pollution in an ecosystem ??? |
Indicator Species. |
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68. What can the presence of different lichens tell you abput levels of pollution in the environment ??? |
They can tell you about levels os sulphur dioxide pollution. |
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69. What can the presence of sludgeworm and rate-tailed maggots in a river tell you about the levels of pollutions ??? |
They are high and the levels of oxygen are low. |
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70. What name is given to the process by which a natural enemy of an animal is used to control numbers of them being a pest ??? |
Biological Control |
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71. What organissm can be used to control aphids ??? |
Ladybirds |
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72. Name a virus that was introduced as part of biological control to control the numbers of South American Cottontail Rabbit. |
Myxomatosis |
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What is the area where an organism (or group of organisms) live ??? |
Community |
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What is the total number of one species of plant or animal in a habitat ??? |
Population |
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What does the arrows in a food chain represent ??? |
The direction of energy flow. |
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What percentage of the energy is passed on to the consumer ??? |
10% |
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What are the advantages of the pyramid of numbers ??? |
relatively simple to measure. |
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What are the disadvantages of the pyramid of numbers ??? |
Doesnt give an accurate represntation for some food chains e.g. |
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What are the advantages for the pyramid of energy ??? |
is more accurate representation than either of the other pyramids. |
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What are the diadvantages of the pyramid of energy ??? |
Very difficult to get a reliable measurement of the energy content of some organisms. |