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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Types of Metal Alloys |
Ferrous and Nonferrous |
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Types of Ferrous Alloys |
Iron based: Steels and Cast Irons |
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Steels |
<1.4 wt% C Low Alloys and High Alloys increasing strength decreases ductility |
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Low Alloy, Low Carbon Steels |
<0.25 wt% C plain: (auto structural sheets) HSLA: additions are Cr, V, Ni, and Mo (bridges, towers) |
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Low Alloy, Medium Carbon Steels |
0.25-0.6 wt% C plain: (crank shafts, bolts) heat treatable: additions are Cr, Ni, Mo (pistons, gears) |
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Low Alloy, High Carbon Steels |
0.6-1.4 wt% tool: additional are Cr, V, Mo, W (drills, saws, dies) |
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High Alloy |
stainless steel: additions are Cr, Ni, and Mo (high temperature applications, very corrosion resistant) |
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Refinement of Steel from Ore |
coke, limestone, and iron ore goes into blast furnace and molten iron comes out (1) heat generation (2) reduction of iron ore to metal (3) purification |
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Cast Irons |
-Ferrous Alloys with >2.1 wt% C (3-4.5) -Low melting - relatively easy to cast -generally brittle -cementite=ferrite+graphite (general a slow process) |
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Types of Cast Iron |
Gray Iron, Ductile Iron, White Iron, Malleable Iron, Compacted Graphite Iron |
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Gray Iron |
Type of Cast Iron -graphite flakes -weak and brittle in tension -stronger in compression -excellent vibrational dampening -wear resistant |
gray=old/hypertension=weak and brittle in tension |
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Ductile Iron |
Type of Cast Iron -add Mg and or Ce -graphite as nodules not flakes -matrix often pearlite - stronger but less ductile |
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White Iron |
Type of Cast Iron -<1 wt% Si -pearlite + cementite -very hard and brittle |
white=pearlite=pearls=hard and brittle |
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Malleable Iron |
Type of Cast Iron -heat that white iron at 800-900 -graphite in rosettes -reasonably strong and ductile |
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Compacted graphite iron |
Type of Cast Iron -relatively high thermal conductivity -good resistance to thermal shock -lower oxidation at elevated temperatures |
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Limitations of Ferrous Alloys |
(1) Relatively high densities (2) Relatively low electrical conductivity (3) Generally poor corrosion resistance |
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Types of Nonferrous Alloys |
Mg Alloys, Cu Alloys, Al Alloys, Ti Alloys, Noble Metals, Refractory metals |
MCAT=Mg,Cu,Al,Ti |
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Nonferrous Mg Alloys |
-very low density (1.7 g/cm3) -ignites easily -aircraft, missiles |
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Nonferrous Cu Alloys |
-Brass: Zn is subst. impurity (costume jewelry, coins, corrosion resistant) -Bronze: Sn, Al, Si, Ni are subst. impurities (business, landing gear) -Cu-Be: precip hardened for strength |
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Nonferrous Al Alloys |
-low density (2.7 g/cm3) -Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn additions -solid sol. or precip. strengthened (structure air craft parts and packaging) |
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Nonferrous Ti Alloys |
-relatively density (4.5 g/cm3) -reactive at high temperatures -space applications |
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Noble Metals (nonferrous alloys) |
-Ag, Au, Pt - oxid./corr. resistant |
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Refractory Metals |
-high melting temperatures -Nb, Mo, W, Ta |
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Types of Ceramics |
Glass, Clay products, Refractories, Abrasives, Cements, Advanced Ceramics |
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Glasses |
Ceramic Material -optical -composite reinforce -containers/household |
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Clay Products |
Ceramic Material -whiteware -structural |
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Refractories |
Ceramic Material -bricks for high T (furnaces) -Silica-Alumina System: small additions of alumina depress melting temperature |
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Abrasives |
Ceramic Material -sandpaper -cutting -polishing APPLICATION: Cutting Tools -for grinding glass, tungsten, carbide, ceramics/cutting Si wafers/oil drilling |
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Cements |
Ceramic Material -composites -structural |
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Advanced ceramics |
Ceramic Material -engine rotors, -valve bearings -sensors |
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Advantages of Advanced Ceramics |
-operate at high temperatures (high efficiencies) -low frictional losses -operate without a cooling system -lower weights what current engines |
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Disadvantages of Advanced Ceramics |
-ceramic materials are brittle -difficult to remove internal voids (that weaken structures) -ceramic parts are difficult to form and machine |
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Types of Polymers |
Fibers, Miscellaneous (Coatings, Adhesives, Films, Foams), Advanced Polymers |
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Fibers |
polymer type -primary use in textiles -high tensile strengths -high degrees of crystallinity -structures containing polar groups |
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Spinning |
polymer fabrication (1) extrude polymer through a spinneret (a die containing many orifices) (2) the spun fibers are drawn under tension (3) leads to highly aligned chains -fibrillar structure |
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Coatings |
miscellaneous polymer type thin polymer films applied to surfaces (paint/varnish) -protects from corrosion and degradation -decorative -improves electrical insulation |
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Adhesives |
miscellaneous polymer type bongs two solid materials (adherands) two bonding types: (1) Secondary: van der Waals forces (2) Mechanical: penetration into pores/crevices |
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Films |
miscellaneous polymer type -produced by blown film extrusion |
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Foams |
miscellaneous polymer type -gas bubbles incorporated into plastic |
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Advanced Polymer: Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) |
-molecular weight = 4E6 g/mol outstanding properties: -high impact strength -resistance to wear/abrasion -low coefficient of friction -self-lubricating (bullet proof vests, golf call covers, hip implants) |
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