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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Inaugurated the liberal and democratic movements of the 19th century.
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French Revolution
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Name for France's social classes.
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Estates
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King of France at the beginning of the French Revolution.
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Louis XVI
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First Estate.
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Catholic Clergy
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Second Estate.
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Nobility
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Bourgeoisie, artisans, and peasants.
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Third Estate
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Middle Class
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Bourgeoisie
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Large Gap between the rich and the poor, heavy tax burden on the Third Estate, First & Second Estate don't pay taxes, Enlightenment ideas of freedom & Equality, growth of the middle class, & wide spread famine.
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Causes of the French Revolution.
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In 1789 Louis XVI called a meeting of the _________ for the first time in over 150 years.
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Estates General.
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Louis XVI called the Estates General because he needed to _____.
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raise money
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Upper two estates wanted to vote as ______.
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Estates
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Third Estate wanted to vote as______.
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delegates.
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Louis XVI refused the Third Estate’s request for a _________.
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Mass Meeting (voting as delegates)
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The Third Estate declared itself to be the _____________.
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National Convention.
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Members of the National Assembly swore to remain in session until a constitution was completed.
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Tennis court oath.
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Ordered all three estates to negotiate in the National Assembly.
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Louis XVI
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Ordered Swiss troops to Paris.
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Louis XVI
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French Royal Prison, attacked by Parisians to defend the National Assembly.
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Bastille.
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Symbolic beginning of the French Revolution.
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Storming of the Bastille.
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Voted to end special privileges of Nobility & Clergy (Old Regime).
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National Assembly.
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National Assembly guaranteed freedom of speech, press, and religion. Proclaimed all male citizens were equal but did not grant rights to women.
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“Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizen.”
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In 1791 the National Assembly created a ________.
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Limited Constitutional Monarchy.
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Working-class men and women who pushed for more radical action during the French Revolution.
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sans-culottes
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Extreme radicals who demanded “true democracy.”
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Jacobins.
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Unpopular Queen of France.
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Marie Antoinette
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National Assembly declared war on ________.
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Austria
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Seized control of Assembly, removed king from office. (French Revolution)
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Jacobins.
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Jacobins killed people they claimed were _____________.
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Counter-revolutionaries
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Called by Radicals to rewrite French Constitution.
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National Convention
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National Convention abolished Monarchy and declared France a _______.
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Republic
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Convicted of Treason and executed by the National Convention.
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Louis XVI
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During the French Revolution European monarchies fearing the spread of revolution to their countries ____.
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allied against France
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Because of threats from within, and without, the Convention formed the ____________.
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Committee of Public Safety
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Jacobin became the head of the Committee of Public Safety.
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Robespierre
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To stop counter-revolution the committee began the ________. (500,000 people arrested, 40,000 guillotined.
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Reign of Terror
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Used by committee to deal with invading armies.
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Mass Mobilization
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Whole society helps to defeat enemy.
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Mass Mobilization
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Members of the Convention turned on him because they feared for their own safety. He was guillotined along with many of his followers.
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Robespierre
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Robespierre’s death ended the _________.
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Reign of Terror
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Took control of the Convention after the Reign of Terror.
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Bourgeoisie
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Conservative Government set up by the Convention after the end of the Reign of Terror.
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Directory
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Put in Command of France’s armies by the Directory.
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Napoleon.
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Seized power from the Directory in a Coup d’ etat.
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Napoleon.
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Quick overthrow of government by a small group.
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Coup d’ etat.
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As first Consul of the French Republic Napoleon assumed ____.
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Dictatorial powers.
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Used soldiers to restore order to France.
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Napoleon.
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Made the law clear and consistent in France.
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Napoleonic code
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Bonaparte became Emperor Napoleon I by __________.
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The will of the people
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Napoleon expanded his empire to include most of ________.
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Europe
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British Admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar.
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Horatio Nelson.
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Because of his defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon gave up on _____.
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invading Britain
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Napoleon tried to keep British goods out of __________.
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European ports
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Napoleon invaded IT because IT refused to stop selling goods to Britain.
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Russia
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Was a disaster because of winter conditions.
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Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
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Tactic used by Russians against Napoleon.
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Scorched-earth.
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On retreat from Russia Napoleon lost _______.
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4/5 of his troops
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Grand Alliance defeats Napoleon at Leipzig Germany.
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Battle of Nations.
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After the Battle of Nations the Grand Alliance took Paris and exiled Napoleon to _______.
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Elba
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Napoleon escaped Elba and upon returning to France______.
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won widespread support
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Napoleon’s brief comeback.
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The 100 days.
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Napoleon’s final defeat to Britain and Prussia.
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Waterloo.
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After Waterloo Napoleon was exiled to _________.
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St. Helena
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Date of Waterloo.
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A.D. 1815
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Napoleon's lasting influence was that his soldiers spread the ideals of the _____ across Europe.
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French Revolution
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After the defeat of Napoleon it was held to create a new balance of power to preserve the peace.
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Congress of Vienna
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Leading figure at the Congress of Vienna.
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Metternich
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