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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Iodine is an example of what type of chemical |
halogen |
|
Halogens are used for |
disinfect dairy equip,eating utensils, household items, glassware |
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What chemical is used to clean thermometers and other instruments. Also used to clean the skin before injections |
alcohol |
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Most resistant microorganism to chemicam biocides |
prions |
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The_________ microbes you have the longer it takes to kill them |
more |
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Bacteriostasis _____________ bacterial growth but isn't killing the microbes. |
inhibits |
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This refers to microbial contamination |
sepsis |
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The absensce of significant contamination is |
Asepsis |
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The technic to prevent microbial contamination of wounds is called? |
aseptic surgery |
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The NUMBER 1 aseptic technique is |
washing your hands |
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___________ by definition means NO MICROBIAL LIFE. |
Sterile |
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This removes pathogens but is NOT the same things as sterile. |
Disinfection |
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________ removing pathogens from living tissue |
antisepsis |
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__________ sterilization kills endospores |
commericial sterilizations |
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__________ removes microbes from a limited area |
degerming |
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_____________ lowers microbial counts on eating utensils |
sanitation |
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This means killing microbes... |
Biocide/germocide |
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Another name for biocide is |
germocide |
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_____________ is the inhibiting of bacteria but does not kill it |
bacteriostasis |
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How quickly a microbe dies is it's
____________ ___________ __________ ________ |
rate of microbial death |
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The effectiveness of treatment depends on what 4 things |
1.# of microbes 2. their environment 3. time of exposure 4. Microbial characteristics (are they endospores, mycobacterium, what kind of flagella) |
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Name 4 physical methods of controlling microbial growth |
1. low temp unless they like cold temperatures 2. high pressure 3. desiccation 4. osmotic pressure |
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_____________ pressure causes plasmolysis |
osmotic pressure |
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________ prevents metabolism |
desiccation |
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To reduce something to powder is |
lyophilization |
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membrane filtration is an example of |
filtration |
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HEPA filters are an example of |
Filtration |
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Inceneration is an example of _____________ _______________ sterilization |
dry heat sterilization |
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Flamming a loops is an example of _____________ ____________ sterilization |
dry heat |
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Name 4 things that kill by oxidation |
1. dry heat 2. flamming 3. inceneration 4. hot air sterilization |
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When you reduce something to ash by definition it is termed |
inceneration |
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What tool do we have in the medical world that uses steam under pressure |
autoclave |
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Always check an _________ _______ to ensure that an autoclave has done it's job. |
indicator strip |
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Pasteurization is ___________ heat |
moist |
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_______ reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens |
pasteurization |
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__________ ________ denatures proteins |
moist heat |
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When you want to know how many minutes it takes to kill off 90% of all population at a given temperature you want to know what... |
It's decimal reduction time (DRT) |
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When you want to know the time during which all cells in a culture are killed you want to know what? |
thermal death time |
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The lowest temperature at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 minutes is termed the |
Thermal death point |
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Name 3 ways chemicals act to kill a microbe |
1. Alter Membrane (make it leaky) 2. damager to proteins 3. damage to nucleotides |
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name a few microorganisms in the middle (when it comes to resistance to chemical biocides |
Gram - and fungi |
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Name a few of the nastiest microorganisms (when it comes to resistance to chemical biocides |
prions, mycobacterium, and endospores |
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Name a few of the easy to kill microorganisms when it comes to resistance to chemical biocides |
Gram + virus without a lipid envelope virus with a envelope |
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The perferred use of alcohols is |
disinfect skin before injections and to clean therometers |
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Iodine and chlorine gas is an example of which chemical agent? |
halogen |
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The preferred use of halogen chemicals is |
antiseptic chlorine gas can disinfect water disinfect dairy equipment household items glassware |
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the preferred use of heavy metals and their compounds |
creams and ointments for burns also put in newborns eyes to prevent bacteria that will cause blindness |
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A popular "heavy metal and their compound is _________ _____________ |
silver nitrate |
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The preferred use of soaps and detergents is |
skin degerming removal of debris |
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Preferred uses of quaternary ammonium is |
antiseptic for skin rubber goods utensils cleaning of instruments |
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Cidex is a ________________ chemical and is used to ________________. |
ALDEHYDE disinfect medical equipment |
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The preferred use of Aldehydes is |
used for disinfecting medical equipment |
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The preferred use of ethylene oxide /gaseous sterilants is |
sterilization of materials that would be damaged by heat such as medical beds and wheels chairs. |
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The preferred use of plasma sterilization is |
sterilization of tubular medical instruments like cardiac catheters |
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The preferred use of supercritical fluids is |
sterilization organic medical implants |
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The preferred use of phenolics |
environmental surfaces instruments skin surfaces mucous membranes (it's known to numb) |
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The preferred use of bisphenols is |
disinfectant hand soaps and lotions |
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____________ is used by surgeons for surgical scrubs |
chlorhexdine |
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preferred use of biguanides (chlorhexdine) |
skin disinfectant especially for surgical scrubs |
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A ______ acts on the surface of something |
surfactant |
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Soaps and surgical scrubs are examples of _______________ |
surfactants |
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________ is another physical method of microbial control |
Radiation |
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Xrays, gamma rays, electron beams are examples of _____________ ______________ |
ionizing radiation |
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______________ ______________ damages DNA |
nonionizing radiation |
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________ will kill just about anything except endospores |
chlorine |
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psychrophiles are ______ lovers |
cold |
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Cold lovers are are called |
psychrophiles |
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heat lovers are called |
hyperthermophiles |
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nucleotides are made up of what 3 things |
phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base |