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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify the 9 functions of the integumentary system.
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Protection
Barrier Temperature regulation Wound repair Absorption/excretion Production of vitamin D Perception/sensation Identification Communication |
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epidermis layer
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outer most layer, thin but tough, replaced every 4 weeks
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subcutaneous layer
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adipose (fat) tissue
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dermis layer
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inner supportive layer, consist of connective tissue (collagen), nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
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If patient is reporting of pain in lesion on skin, what does this tell you about the skin layer it is in?
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It must be in the dermis because that is where nerve endings are.
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Identify the 4 appendages to the skin in the integumentary system.
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Hair
Sebaceous glands - produce sebum Sweat glands Nails - hard, keratin plates |
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Identify the 2 types of hair.
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Vellum - fine hair all over the body
Terminal - scalp, eyebrows |
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Identify the 2 types of sweat glands.
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Eccrine glands - produce sweat (diluted saline solution) active at 2 months of age
Apocrine glands - produce thick milky secretions, activated in puberty |
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primary lesion
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first lesion that appears
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secondary lesion
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lesion that occurs due to changes over time or changes because of a factor such as scratching or infection
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macule
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color change, flat, <1cm (freckle)
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patch
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flat, macule that is >1cm (Mongolian spot, café au lait, birthmark)
Note: Same as macule, just large |
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papule
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elevated, solid lesion <1cm, lesion you can feel (mole, wart)
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plaque
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papule >1cm in width (psoriasis)
Tip: Basically a large papule |
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nodule
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solid, elevated, hard or soft >1cm, extends deeper into dermis
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tumor
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>2cm, firm or soft mass (lipoma, hemangioma)
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wheal
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superficial, raised lesion (PPD, insect bite)
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urticaria
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multiple wheal like lesions, very itchy (hives)
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vesicle
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fluid filled, elevated lesion, <1cm (herpes, chicken pox, small blister)
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bulla
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>1cm vesicle, (burn, large blister, bullous impetigo)
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cyst
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fluid filled cavity extending to dermis or subcutaneous layer (sebaceous cyst)
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pustule
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pus filled lesion (acne, pimple); any size
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crust
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thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up (impetigo)
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scale
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flakes of skin, silvery or white (psoriasis, eczema, seborrhea, dermatitis)
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fissure
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linear crack with abrupt edges (athletes foot, cracks in
corners of mouth) |
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erosion
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shallow depression, usually no scar (superficial abrasion)
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ulcer
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deep depression, leaves scar usually (decubitus ulcer, bed sore)
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excoriation
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self inflicted abrasion, superficial crusting secondary
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scar
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healed lesion, replaced with collagen/connective tissue
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atrophic scar
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skin level depressed with loss of tissue, thinning (striae/stretch marks)
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lichenification
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prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin; common in people with eczema; found in elbows, behind knees
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keloid
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elevated scar, feels rubbery; common in darker pigmented people
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vascular lesion
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lesions vascular in nature
Tip: Since vascular, there will mostly be a color change |
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spider angioma
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red, star shaped with solid circular center
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purpura
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red/purple patch, flat macular hemorrhage >1cm
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petechiae
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tiny, pinpoint, hemorrhage <1-2mm, “little flat blood spots ranging in color - red, purple, or brown
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ecchymosis
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flat macular lesion of various colors depending on stage of bruise
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hemiangioma
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reddish/blue, solid, spongy collection of benign blood vessels; typically benign
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Identify the 4 color variations of the skin.
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Pallor - pale, white
Erythema - redness Cyanosis - bluish Jaundice - yellow color |
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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Tinea corporis - "ringworm of the body"; skin infection due to fungi
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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psoriasis - scaly, erythematous patch with silvery scales on top
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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Tinea pedis - "athlete's foot', fungal infection that first appears as small vesicle and then grows scaly and hard
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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Herpes zoster (shingles) - small, grouped vesicle that emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve; pustules then crusts
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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Tinea capitis - fungal infection of the scalp, "ringworm of the scalp"
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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impetigo - bacterial infection of the skin; moist, thin-roofed vesicle with red base; forms honey-colored crusts; common in infants/kids; caused by streptococcus (strep) or staphylococcus (staph) bacteria
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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diaper/contact dermatitis - inflammatory disease caused by skin irritation from heat, moisture, and diapers
red, moist, maculopapular patch with no defined borders along inguinal and gluteal folds |
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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candidiasis - Candida skin infection affecting superficial skin layers
Scalding red, moist patches with marked borders with some loose scales |
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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varicella (chicken pox) - infectious disease, esp. of children, causing a mild fever and a rash of itchy inflamed blisters
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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eczema - long-term (chronic) skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes; red papules and vesicle with weeping, oozing, crusting
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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allergic drug reaction - caused by an allergic reaction to a drug; erythematous and symmetric rash, typically generalized
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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tinea versicolor - long-term (chronic) fungal infection of the skin caused by a fungus found normally on skin; patches of pink/tan/white with scaling
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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melanoma - most dangerous type of skin cancer caused by changes in cells called melanocytes; common in individuals with excess UV exposure
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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Kaposi's sarcoma - (patch stage) vascular tumor; most common in HIV-infected persons; AIDS-defining illness; easily mistaken for bruises or nevi and ignored
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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seborrheic dermatitis - "cradle cap"; common, inflammatory skin condition that causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp or inside the ear; occurs with or without reddened skin
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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alopecia areata - sudden apperance of sharply, circumscribed round/oval hairless patch; unknown cause
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Identify and define the pictured condition.
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hirsutism - excessive body hair in females forming a sexual pattern (upper lip, chest, arms, legs); caused by endocrine/metabolic dysfunction
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Identify the medical term for a bruise.
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ecchymosis
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Identify the medical classification for a freckle.
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macule
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Identify the medical classification for acne.
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pustule
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Identify the medical classification for a mole or wart.
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papule
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Identify the medical classification for a Mongolian spot.
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patch
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Identify the medical classification for a stretch marks.
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striae (atrophic scarring)
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Identify the medical classification for a birthmark.
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patch
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Identify what needs to documented about each lesion found during the physical assessment. (8)
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Location
Color Size Symmetry Pattern Elevation Odor Drainage or discharge |
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Identify the 10 aspects of the objective data/physical exam portion a skin assessment.
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1. Color/General Pigmentation
2. Lesions 3. Temperature 4. Moisture/Dryness 5. Texture 6. Edema 7. Skin Mobility/Skin Turgor 8. Vascular Lesions/Bruising 9. Inspect and Palpate Hair 10. Inspect and Palpate Nails |
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Identify what needs to documented about hair found during the physical assessment. (4)
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Color
Texture Distribution Scalp lesions |
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Identify what needs to documented about nails found during the physical assessment. (5)
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Shape
Contour (angle 160') Consistency/texture Color Check capillary refill |
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___________ have mild body odor compared to Caucasians and African Americans. (2)
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Asians and Native Americans
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In regards to hair, African American tend to be more _______; Asians have _______.
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In regards to hair, African American tend to be more _______; Asians have _______.
course and dry; silky and straight |
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Identify the ABC's of melanoma,
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• Asymmetry – cut in half, should be same
• Border – well-defined, regular borders • Color – uniform color throughout • Diameter - <5mm is normal; >5mm is abnormal • Elevation/Changes – raised, growing, |