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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of research uses the terms subjects or study participants?
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quanitative
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What type of research uses the terms study participants or informants?
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qualitative
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What are abstractions or mental representations inferred from behavior or events?
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phenomena,concepts,or constructs
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What are the building blocks of theories?
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concepts
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What is a systematic explanation of some aspect of the real world?
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theory
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What variable is the presumed cause of, antecedent to, or influence on the other?
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independent
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What clarifies the abstract or theoretical meaning of a concept being studied?
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conceptual definition
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What specifies the procedures and tools required to measure a variable?
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operational definition
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When the independent determines the dependent variable, what kind of rship occurs?
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cause and effect rship or causal rship
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What kind of reasoning is the process of developing conclusions from specific observations?
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inductive
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What kind of reasoning is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles?
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deductive
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What refers to the accuracy and consistency of info obtained in a study?
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reliability
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What is a more complex concept that broadly concerns the soundness of the study's evidence?
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validity
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Reliable and valid goes with
Trustworthy goes with? |
quan
qual |
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What is achieved to the extent that research methods engender confidence in the truth of the data in interpretations?
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credibility
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What is the use of multiple sources or referants to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth?
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triangulation
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What is an influence that distorts study results?
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bias
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What is used in quantitative studies to eliminate bias?
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randomness
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What is used in qualitative research to keep biases out?
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reflexivity
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What is the process of reflecting critically on the self and noting personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation?
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reflexivity
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What is the criterion used in quanitative studies to asses the extent to which the findings can be applied to other groups and settings?
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generalizability
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What is the extent to which qual studies can be transferred to other settings?
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transferability
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What is a mechanism for promoting transferability that is rich and thorough description of the research context so that others can make inferences about contextual similarities?
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thick description
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These two types of studies are involved with quant research:
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experimental or nonexperimental
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What disciplines qualitative research rooted into? 3 things
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anthropology,sociology,and psychology
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What 3 traditions are of qualitative research?
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grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology
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This theory seeks to describe and understand key social psych and structural processes that occur in a social settig?
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grounded theory
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This is concerned with liven experiences and is an apporach to learning what people's life experiences are like and what they mean?
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phenomenology
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This provides a framework for studying the meanings,patterns,and experiences of a definied cultural group holistically?
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ethnography
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1.define problem
2.do lite review 3. engage in fieldwork 4.develop framework and conceptual def 5. formulate hypotheses to be tested |
conceptual phase of quanitative study
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This phase entails communicating findings and promoting their utilization?
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dissemination phase of quanitative research
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This type of study starts with a broad question that is narrowed through the actual process of data collection and analysis?
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qualitative
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What type of research has gain of entree?
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qual
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What is qual study's limits of discovering new findings?
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saturation
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IMRAD format..break it down
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i-intro-m-methods r-resilts a-analaysis discussion-d
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What is the brief synopsis of the study?
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abstract
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What are procedures for testing research hypotheses and evaluating the believability of the findings.
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statistical tests
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What are findings that are statistically significant?
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high probability of being accurate (p)
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What 5 things are found in the intro?
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central pheomena,concepts or variables under study
statement of purpose review of the related lit theoretical framework significance and need of study |
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What 5 things are found in a quan method section/
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design,sample,measures and data collection,study procedures
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What 4 things are found in the results section of a quan study?
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tables
name of sthe statistical tests value of the calculated statistic significance |
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What are 3 things found in the results section?
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interpretation of results,implications,study limitations
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What are the three major ethical principles incorporated into most guidelines?
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beneficene,respect for human dignity,justice
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What is protect of participants from physical and psychological harm and exploitation?
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nonmaleficence
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What term means that participants have a right to their own activities, including their voluntary participation in the study?
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self-determination
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What means that researchers have fully described the study, including the risks and benefits, to prospective partipants?
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full disclosure
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The collection of info without partipant's knowledge or consent
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concealment
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The withholding info from participants or providing false info
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deception
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The right to fair and equitable treatment and to privacy
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justice
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Risk-benefit assessment, implementation of informed consent, and safeguarding confidentiality..what are these 3 things purpose?
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safeguard ppl's rights
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Not even researchers know the participant's identity
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anonymity
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Safeguards info that patients provide
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confidentiality
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Name 6 types of vulnerable people.
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children,mental or emotional disabled people,physically disabled,terminally ill, institutionalized people, pregnant women
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External review of ethical aspects
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irb
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Makign up study results and reporting them
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fabrication
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Manipulating researche materials, equip, or processes, omit or change data, or distorting results
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falsification
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What is the perplexing or enigmatic situation that a researcher wants to address through disciplined inquiry?
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research problem
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This summarizes the overall goal of the study, in both qual and quant studies and ids the key concepts, and the study group or population?
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statement of purpose
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What states the specific query the researcher wants to answer to address the research problem?
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research question
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What is a statement of a predicted rship between two or more variables
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hypothesis
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What specifies the expected direction of nature of a hypothesized rship?
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directional hypothesis
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What predicts a rship but does not stipulate the form that the rship will take?
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nondirectinal hypothesis
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What predicts the existance of rships?
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research hypotheses
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What kind of hypotheses express the abscence of any relationship?
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statistical or null
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Are hypotheses ever proved or disproved?
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No !! accepted or rejected- supported or nonsupported
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What is a written summary of the state of existing knowledge on a research problem?
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lit review
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What are descriptions of studies written by researchers who conducted them?
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primary sources
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What are research articles that are descirptions of studies prepared by someone other than the original rseracher?
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secondary source
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The traditional narrative review used in quanitative research taht in the intergration of study findings using statistical procedures?
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meta-analysis
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What is the qualitative intergration of research findings that produce new interpretations that are more substantive than the findings from the individual studies?
a traditional narrative review |
metasynthesis
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Concepts are the basic elements of this, but the concepts are not linked to one another in a logically ordered,deductive system?
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conceptual map
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What are symbolic representations of pheomena that depict a conceptual model through the use of symbols or diagrams?
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schematic models
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What are the conceptual underpinnings of a study?
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framework
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What are the four concepts that are central to models of nursing?
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person,environment,health,nursing
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Nonnursing models used by nurse researchers
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borrowed theories
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When the appropriateness of borrowed theories for nursing inquiries is confirmed?
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shared theories
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Deductive goes with
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quan
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inductive goes with
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qual
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A design in which two or more variables are manipulated simultaneously?
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factorial designs
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What two effects can be tested with factorial designs?
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main and interaction
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What are effects from experimentally manipulated variables?
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main effects
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What are effects from resulting from combining treatments?
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interaction effects
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Design in which different sets of people are compared
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between-subjects design
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Design in which involve comparison within the same subjects?
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within-subjects designs
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A design in which subjects are exposed to more than one experimental condition in random orders and serve as their own controls?
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crossover design
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Experiments that involve manipulation but lack a comparison group or randomization?
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quasi-experiments
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In this design, there is no comparison group; information on the dependent variable is collected over a period of time before and after the treatment?
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time-series design
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Design in which a phenomenon observed in the present is linked to phemonea occuring in the past?
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retrospective
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Design that starts with a presumed cause and then goes forward to the presumed effect?
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prospective
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Researchers can strengthen retrospective studies using what?
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case-control design
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type of design that involves the collection of data at one point in time
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cross-sectional
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a type of design that involves data collection at two or three times over an extended period?
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longitudinal designs
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Investigations in which samples are selected from the same population at repeated intervals?
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trend studies
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In this type of study, the same people provide data or two or more points in time?
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panel study
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What yields more data trend or panel study?
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panel studies give more information than trend studies because researchers can examine patterns of change and reasons for the changes
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When you lose participants over time
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attrition
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Studies undertaken to determine the subsequent status of subjects with a specified condition or those who received a specific intervention?
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follow up study
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To minimixe situational contaminants in quanitative research?
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constancy of conditions
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Subjects who are the same with respect to extraneous variables?
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homogeniety
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This involves using info about subject characteristics to form comparison groups and this helps to control extraneous variables?
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matching
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The ability of the design to detect true relationships among variables
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statistical power
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Refers to the extent to which it is possible to make an inference that the independent variable is truly causing or influencing the dependent variable?
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internal validity
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The occurence of events concurrent with independent variable that can affect the dependent variable
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history threat
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This encompasses biases resulting from preexisting differences between groups?
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selection threat
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This threat arieses from processes occuring as a result of time rather than the iv?
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maturation threat
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This threat stems from differential from groups?
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mortality threat
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This is the generalizability of findings to other settings or samples, an issue of great importance for those interested in a an evidence-based practice?
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external validity
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What is a closely related research tradition to phenomenology that uses the lived experiences of people as a tool for better understanding the social cult and policital and historical context
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hermeneutics
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This seeks to understand rules, mechanisms, and structures of conversations
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discourse analysis
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this focuses on the cognitive world of a cutlture, with particular emphasis on semnatic rules and the shared meanings that shape behavior
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ethnoscience
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