Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is NOT required for a diagnosis of true labor?
|
blood show
(true labor - rhythmic contractions, cervical dilatation, cervical effacement) |
|
At term, bloody show is associated with
|
extrusion of endocervical gland mucus
|
|
Low back pain is commonly associated with
|
both active and false labor
|
|
Uterine contractions of increasing intensity are commonly associated with
|
active labor
|
|
Spontaneous onset of uterine activity is commonly associated with
|
both active and false labor
|
|
Progressive cervical dilation is commonly associated with
|
active labor
|
|
Lower abdomen and groin pain are commonly associated with
|
false labor
|
|
Waxing and waning intensity of uterine contractions is commonly associated with
|
false labor
|
|
Progressive cervical effacement is commonly associated with
|
active labor
|
|
Which of the following is characteristic of "Braxton Hicks" contractions?
|
all of the above (rhythmic contractions, no cervical change on serial examinations, lower abdominal discomfort)
|
|
The descent of the fetal head into the pelvis and the changing contour of the abdomen late in pregnancy is termed
|
lightening
|
|
Frequent urination found in late pregnency is the result of
|
pressure on the bladder from the enlarging gravid uterus
|
|
With lightening, a patient may notice
|
all of the above (increased urinary frequency, increased ease of respiratory effort, a flatter upper abdomen)
|
|
Which of the following is NOT an indication that a patient in late pregnancy should come to the hospital for evaluation?
|
Regular contractions 15 to 20 min apart is not an indication to come to the hospital
(go to hospital if: sudden gush of fluid, continuing gradual leakage of fluid, vaginal bleeding, decreased fetal movement) |
|
The term "fetal lie" is defined as the
|
relationship of the long axis of the fetus with the maternal long axis
|
|
Presentation is determined by the
|
portion of the fetus lowest in the birth canal
|
|
Position is defined as
|
relationship of the fetal presenting part to the right and left side of the maternal pelvis
|
|
Leopold maneuvers are used to establish all of the following EXCEPT
|
fetal gender
(Leopold maneuvers used to establish fetal lie, fetal presentation, and fetal position) |
|
The descent of the presenting part is identified by with Leopold maneuver?
|
Third maneuver
|
|
The location of small parts is determined by which Leopold maneuver?
|
Second maneuver
|
|
Determining what occupies the fundus is accomplished by what Leopold maneuver?
|
First maneuver
|
|
Identifying the cephalic prominence is accomplished by what Leopold maneuver?
|
Fourth maneuver
|
|
The most common fetal lie found during early labor is
|
longitudinal
|
|
The most common fetal presentation found in early labor is
|
vertex
|
|
The effacement of a patient in early labor with the cervix approximately 1 cm in length and 1 cm dilated is
|
50% effacement
|
|
The turning of the fetal head toward the sacrum is termed
|
anterior asynclitism
|
|
The station of a patient in labor with the presenting part (vertex) at the level of the ischial spines is
|
h
|
|
At 0 station, where is the biparietal diameter of the fetal head in relation to the pelvic inlet?
|
It has passed below the pelvic inlet
|
|
The clinical significance of the fetal head presenting at 0 station is that the biparietal diameter of the fetal head has negotiated the
|
pelvic inlet
|
|
Cervical effacement related to
|
the degree of cervical thinning
|
|
The first stage of labor is best described as the
|
onset of labor to full cervical dilation
|
|
The second stage of labor is best described as the
|
complete dilation of the cervix to delivery of the infant
|
|
The third stage of labor is best described as the
|
delivery of the infant to the delivery of the placenta
|
|
The fourth stage of labor is best described as the
|
period extending up to 2 hours after delivery of the placenta
|
|
The active phase of the first stage of labor is generally defined to begin when the cervix is how dilated?
|
4 cm dilated - active stage of labor begins
|
|
The vertex presentation occurs in approximately what percent of term?
|
95%
|
|
Which of the following terms describes the cardinal movement of labor that allows the smaller diameter of the fetal head to present to the maternal pelvis?
|
Flexion
|
|
Which of the following terms describes the movement of the fetal head as it reaches the introitus?
|
Extension of the fetal head
|
|
Which of the following describes the movement of the fetal head to "face forward" relative to the shoulders?
|
External rotation
|
|
Descent is fetal movement in labor defined as
|
movement of the presenting part through the birth canal
|
|
The latent phase of stage one labor in nulliparas has a mean duration of
|
6.5 hours
|
|
The active phase of stage one labor in nulliparas has a mean duration of
|
4.5 hours
|
|
The latent phase of stage one labor in multiparas has a mean duration of
|
5.0 hours
|
|
The active phase of stage one in multiparas has a mean duration of
|
2.5 hours
|
|
The second stage of labor in multiparas has a mean duration of
|
0.5 hours
|
|
All of the following are part of the examination after spontaneous rupture of the membranes EXCEPT
|
Measurement of the pH of the fluid
(Exam after SPOM - exam of fluid for blood, exam of fluid for meconium, auscultation or measurement of the fetal heart rate) |
|
During the active phase of labor, if electronic fetal monitoring is not used, the fetal heart rate should be auscultated every
|
15 minutes
|
|
During the second stage of labor in the absence of electronic fetal monitoring, fetal heart rate auscultation should be performed after
|
each uterine contraction
|
|
An external tocodynamometer provides information about
|
contraction frequency
|
|
The sensory nerves from the lower birth canal and perineum enter the spinal cord at
|
S2 through S4
|
|
Epidural anesthesia is best used to provide
|
anesthesia for the active phase of labor and delivery
|
|
Spinal anesthesia is best used to provide
|
short-term anesthesia for vaginal or abdominal delivery
|
|
Pudendal anesthesia or block is best used to provide
|
perineal anethesia for vaginal delivery
|
|
Which of the following anesthetic techniques is associated with maternal aspiration?
|
General anesthesia
|
|
Which of the following is an associated maternal risk when spinal anesthesia is used?
|
all of the above (hypotension, loss of desire to push, headache)
|
|
Maternal aspiration syndrome is a particularly significant risk of general anesthesia in obstetric cases because
|
of decreased gastrointestinal function during labor
|
|
The major cause of maternal mortality from obstetrical anesthesia is
|
aspiration of vomitus
|
|
The most common result of compression of the fetal head during labor is
|
molding
|
|
Outlet forceps during delivery should best be used when
|
the fetal skull at perineal floor, scalp visible, anteroposterior, righ occiput anterior to left occiput anterior (45 degrees)
|
|
A low forceps delivery should best be used when
|
the leading edge of the skull is beyond +2 station
|
|
The second stage of labor in nulliparas has a mean duration of
|
1.0 hours
|
|
A midforceps delivery should best be used when
|
the fetal head is engaged and the leading edge of the skull is above +2 station
|
|
Forceps may be used to
|
all of the above (rotate the fetal head, augment maternal voluntary pushing efforts, and control delivery of fetal head)
|
|
The usual postpartum blood loss in a vaginal delivery is
|
500 mL
|
|
What percent of patients will undergo spontaneous labor and delivery between 37 and 42 weeks?
|
85%
|
|
First-degree vaginal laceration at birth
|
involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal skin
|
|
Second-degree vaginal laceration at birth
|
involves underlying fascia or muscle but not rectal sphincter or rectal mucosa
|
|
Third-degree vaginal laceration at birth
|
extends through the rectal sphincter but not into the rectum
|
|
Fourth-degree vaginal laceration at birth
|
extends into the rectal mucosa
|
|
Compared with extension of a mediolateral episiotomy, what is the risk of extension of a midline episiotomy?
|
midline episiotomy GREATER RISK extension
|
|
During delivery of the fetal head, the likelihood of laceration or extension of episiotomy is decreased by performance of
|
Ritgen maneuver
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a sign of placental separation?
|
There is decreased sensation of pressure is NOT a sign
(signs of placental separation - the uterus rises in abdomen to become globular in shape, there is a gush of blood, there is an apparent "lengthening" of the umbilical cord |
|
It is customary to wait approximately how many minutes for spontaneous extrusion of the placenta?
|
30 minutes
|
|
Obstetric cervical lacerations are most commonly discovered at what "o-clock" during potpartum cervical inspection?
|
3 and 9 o-clock
|
|
The maternal mortality rate associated with cesarean delivery is how many times that of a vaginal birth?
|
Two to four
|
|
Postpartum uterine hemorrhage occurs in approximately what percent of patients?
|
1%
|
|
Vaginal examination of a patient in early labor finds the presenting part (vertex) to be at the level of the ischial spines. The station is reported as
|
r
|