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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
an organizational structure in which the entire organization is made up of work teams
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team structure
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an organizational structure that assigns specialists from different functional departments to work on one or more projects
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matrix structure
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an organizational structure in which employees continuously work on projects
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project structure
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an organization whose design is not defined by, or limited to, the horizontal, vertical, or external boundaries imposed by a predefined structure
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boundaryless organization
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an organization that consists of a small core of full-time employees and outside specialists temporarily hired as needed to work on projects
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virtual organization
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an organization that uses its own employees to do some work activities and networks of outside suppliers to provide other needed product components or work processes
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network organization
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an organization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change
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learning organization
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In order to be successful – organizations need to be _____ in how they get work done.
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flexible
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What are the drawbacks of collaborative work?
- Potential _____ conflict, different _____ and _____ goals, logistics of _____ |
interpersonal, views, competing, coordinating
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a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties
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cross-functional teams
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a temporary committee or team formed to tackle a specific short-term problem affecting several departments
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task force
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opening up the search for new ideas beyond the organization’s boundaries and allowing innovations to easily transfer inward and outward
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open innovation
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collaborative relationships between two or more organizations in which they combine their resources and capabilities for some business purpose
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strategic partnerships
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a work arrangement in which employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer
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telecommuting
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a scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits
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flextime
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the practice of having two or more people split a full-time job
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job sharing
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temporary, freelance, or contract workers whose employment is contingent upon demand for their services
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contingent workers
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What are the activities in the HRM process?
- Human _______ Planning, _______ (or decruitment), _______ (Identify and select competent employees), _______, _______ (provide employees with up-to-date skills and knowledge), _______ Management, _______ and Benefits, _______ Development (retain competent and high-performing employees) |
Resource, Recruitment, Selection, Orientation, Training, Performance, Compensation, Career
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an organization that represents workers and seeks to protect their interests through collective bargaining
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Labor unions
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organizational programs that enhance the status of members of protected groups
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affirmative action
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ensuring that the organization has the right number and kinds of capable people in the right places and at the right times
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human resource planning
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an assessment that defines jobs and the behaviors necessary to perform them
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job analysis
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a written statement that describes a job
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job description
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a written statement of the minimum qualifications that a person must possess to perform a given job successfully
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job specification
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locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants
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recruitment
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reducing an organization’s workforce
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decruitment
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internet?
- A: reaches ______ numbers of people; can get immediate ______ -D: generates many ______ candidates |
large, feedback, unqualified
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of employee referrals?
A: knowledge about the organization provided by current ______, can generate strong candidates because a good referral reflects on the ______ D: may not increase the ______ and mix of employees |
employee, recommender, diversity
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a company website?
A: wide ______; can be ______ to specific groups D: generates many ______ candidates |
distribution, targeted, unqualified
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of college recruiting?
A: Large centralized body of ______ D: Limited to ______ positions |
candidates, entry-level
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of professional recruiting organizations?
A: Good knowledge of industry ______ and ______ D: Little ______ to specific organization |
challenges, requirements, commitment
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permanent involuntary termination
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firing
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temporary involuntary termination; may last only a few days or extend to years
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layoffs
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not filling openings created by voluntary resignations or normal retirements
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attrition
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moving employees either laterally or downward; usually does not reduce costs but can reduce intraorganizational supply-demand imbalances
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transfers
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having employees work fewer hours per week, share jobs, or perform their jobs on a part-time basis
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reduced workweeks
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providing incentives to older and more senior employees for retiring before their normal retirement date
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early retirements
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having employees share one full-time position
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job sharing
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screening job applicants to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired
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selection
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a preview of a job that provides both positive and negative information about the job and the company
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realistic job preview
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introducing a new employee to his or her job and the organization
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orientation
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What type of selection tool is almost universally used; most useful for gathering information; can predict job performance but not easy to create one that does?
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Application forms
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What type of selection tool must be job related; include intelligence, aptitude, ability, personality, and interest tests; are popular (e.g. personality tests, aptitude tests); really good predictor for supervisory positions?
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written tests
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What type of selection tool uses actual job behaviors; work sampling – test applicants on tasks associated with that job, appropriate for routine or standardized work; assessment center – simulate jobs; appropriate for evaluating managerial potential?
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performance-simulation tests
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What type of selection tool is almost universally used; must know what can and cannot be asked; can be useful for managerial positions?
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interviews
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What type of selection tool is used for verifying application data – valuable source of information; Used for verifying reference checks – not a valuable source of information?
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background investigations
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What type of selection tool is for jobs that have certain physical requirements; mostly used for insurance purposes?
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physical examinations
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the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership
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forming stage
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the second stage of group development, characterized by intragroup conflict
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storming stage
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the third stage of group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness
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norming stage
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the fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task
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performing stage
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the final stage of group development for temporary groups during which group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance
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adjourning
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behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit
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role
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a prestige grading position, or rank within a group
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status
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the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
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social loafing
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the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals
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group cohesiveness
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the view that all conflict is bad and must be avoided
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traditional view of conflict
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the view that conflict is natural and inevitable outcome in any group
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human relations view of conflict
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the view that some conflict is necessary for a group to perform effectively
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interactionist view of conflict
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conflicts that support a group’s goals and improve its performance
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functional conflicts
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conflicts that prevent a group from achieving its goals
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dysfunctional conflicts
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conflicts over content and goals of the work
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task conflict
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conflict based on interpersonal relationships
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relationship conflict
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conflict over how work gets done
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process conflict
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What are the advantages of using teams?
Teams outperform ______; Teams provide a way to better use employee ______; Teams are more ______ and ______; Teams can be quickly ______, deployed, refocused, and disbanded |
individuals, talents, flexible, responsive, assembled
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a team from the same department or functional area that’s involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems
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problem-solving team
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a type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment
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self-managed work team
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a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties
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cross-functional team
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a type of work team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal
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virtual team
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the patterns of informal connections among individuals within groups
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social network
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Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization
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Organizational Citizenship Behavior
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a performance measure of both efficiency and effect
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employee productivity
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the failure to show up for work
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absenteeism
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the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization
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turnover
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any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes
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cognitive dissonance
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personality trait model that includes extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience
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Big Five Model
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a measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means
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machiavellianism
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a personality trait that measures the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors
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self-monitoring
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a general impression of an individual based on a single characteristic
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halo effect
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the tendency to underestimate the influence o external factors and to overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors
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fundamental attribution error
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the transfer and understanding of meaning
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communication
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communication between two or more people
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interpersonal communication
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any disturbances that interfere with the transmission, receipt, or feedback of a message
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noise
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all the patterns, networks, and systems of communications within an organization
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organizational communication
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formal and informal communications act to control individuals’ behaviors in organizations
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control
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communications clarify for employees what is to be done, how well they have done it, and what can be done to improve performance
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motivation
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social interaction in the form of work group communications provides a way for employees to express themselves
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emotional expression
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individuals and work groups need information to make decisions or to do their work
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information
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the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver
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filtering
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listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations
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active listening
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the informal organizational communication network
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grapevine
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communication that flows downward from a manager to employees
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downward communication
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communication that flows upward from employees to managers
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upward communication
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communication that takes place among any employees on the same organizational level
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lateral communication
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communication that cuts across work areas and organizational levels
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diagonal communication
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7 steps in the communication process:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Then there is _______ and the entire process is susceptible to _______. |
Sender, encoding, message, medium, receiver, decoding, message, feedback, noise
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the degree to which carrying out work activities required by a job results in the individual's obtaining direct and clear information about his or her performance effectiveness
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feedback
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