Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are some general characteristics of Nematodes?
|
1. elongate body.
2. Not segmented 3. Body covering is a cuticle for maintaing shape. |
|
Two modes of reproduction in nematodes.
|
Ovovivparous; eggs
Larviparous; larva |
|
What are the life cycle stages?
|
1. Egg
2. 4 larval stages 3. Immature adult (L5) 4. Adult |
|
Name the three ways a nematode is transmitted.
|
1. Direct life cycle
2. Indirect life cycle 3. Developmental arrest |
|
What is the order of Threadworms?
|
Rhabditida
|
|
Which major parasite is included in this order?
|
Strongyloides spp.
|
|
Which sex is parasitic?
|
female
|
|
What is unique about the life cycle?
|
they have a free-living phase and a parasitic phase of life cycle.
|
|
Definitive hosts?
|
Most mammals. (cattle, sheep, donkeys, horses, primates, human, cat, dog, fox, pig)
|
|
Transmammory infection occurs in which animal species?
|
pigs, horses, cattle
|
|
Strongyloides cont'd
Give the three stages of infection for this nematode. |
Invasive; penetration of skin
Pulmonary; bronchial pneumonia Intestinal; bloody diarrhea |
|
Which larval stage is the infective form?
|
L3 (always in nematodes)
|
|
Diagosis; how is Strongyloides spp. diagnosed?
|
rarely in eggs. Rhabditiform or filiform larva in feces. ELISA test.
Baermann technique. Sedimentation. |
|
Treatment?
|
Ivermectin (may need to repeat)
Thiabendazole |
|
What does ELISA stand for?`
|
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
|
|
Which animal species acquires a prenatal infection from Strongyloides spp.?
|
pigs
|
|
How does this nematode effect humans?
|
autoinfection, hyperinfection
|
|
Order Strongylida
Scientific name for Large Strongyles? |
Strongylus vulgaris
|
|
Identify the adult worm.
|
Dk. reddish gray. prominent stoma, w. cuticular fringe, buccal capsule, 2 prominent teeth, Copulatory bursa.
|
|
Both male and female have copulatory bursa, but how do they differ?
|
The female has spicules, and the male has finger-like projections.
|
|
DH?
IH? |
Horses
None |
|
where is the infection site for the adult worm?
|
Cecum and colon
|
|
Where is the infection site for the larva? Specifically L3 and L4?
|
wall of sm. intestine, cecum.
L3; colon L4; Mesenteric artery |
|
Main importance with infection from this nematode?
|
colic
|
|
Life cycle of Strongyloides vulgaris
|
Morulated eggs hatch in feces.
L1 hatch in 1-2 days. Molt to L3 in 1 wk. L3 ingested, penetrated gut wall, molt to L4. L4 migrates to Cr. Mesenteric artery (2-3) months L4 or L5 ->walls of cecum L5-> gut wall and mature |
|
Pathogenesis of Strongylus vulgaris
|
Caused by larvae.
Colic. Nodules in gut wall. Ulceration of gut wall. Thrombi and emboli formation. Fibrosis of arteries. |
|
Diagnosis
|
Eggs;Fecal flotation
Larvae; Baermann technique |
|
Treatment for Strongylus vulgaris
|
Benzimidazoles, Ivermectin, Fenbendazole
|