Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Peak |
The highest concentration of drug in blood |
|
Duration |
Time the drug remains in circulation |
|
Trough |
The lowest concentration of med in blood |
|
Bioavailability |
% of drug available in blood |
|
Med availability in circulation |
Oral < 100 % Iv=100% |
|
Protein -Binding |
Drugs r distributed and bind to plasma protein |
|
Proteins drugs bind to |
Acidic drugs = albumin/lipoprotein Basic Drugs = AGP |
|
Inactive drugs |
Drugs tht bind to protein |
|
1st pass metabolism |
Drug tht r metabolized in liverr made inactive and excreted. =non-therapeutic effect |
|
Onset |
Time it takes for drug to have effects |
|
Loading Dose |
Large initial dose (More than reg dose ) |
|
Therapeutic index |
Between therapeutic level and toxic level |
|
Side effect |
Secondary effect of a drug |
|
Drug incompatibility |
When 1 or more drugs clash (complication) |
|
Enzyme inducer |
Drug tht increases metabolism of another drug (stimilates liver enzymes) |
|
Enzyme inhubitor |
Decreases metabolism of some drugs &increase their plama coincentration. |
|
Additive effect |
2 drugs compliment each other creating increased effect (ex. 1 +1=3) |
|
Synergenic effect |
Clinical effect of 2 drugs given together is alot greater than each drug alone ex ( 1+1=5) (narcotic+histomine=enhances narcotic effect) |
|
Antagonist effect |
2 drugs in system but 1 reduces or blocks the other ex(1+1=1) *Basically an antidote |
|
(MEC) minimum effect concentration |
Amount of drug in plasma needed to work |
|
Drug Toxicity |
When drug levels exceed therapeutic range |
|
Factors tht may cause toxicity |
Disease, genetics, age |
|
Bacterial Resistance |
Bacterial Beta Lactamase inactivates drugs. Blocks/cancels drug effect |
|
Naphrontoxicity |
Toxicity of kidney |
|
Drug Incompatibilities can b? |
Therapeutic, physical, chemical |
|
Result of drug incompatibility |
Toxic drug effect Inactive drug effevt |
|
Agonistic effect |
Desired Drug therapeutic effect (does this by activating receptors to produce desired responce) |
|
Nephrotoxicity |
Toxicity of the kidney |
|
Ototoxicity |
Damage to auditory or vestibular branxh of cranial nerve 8 |
|
Hepatoxicity |
Liver toxicity |
|
Example of liver toxicity |
Erythromycin and azithromycin |
|
Photosensitivity |
Sunburn reaction Can occur when taking tetracycline or demeclocycline |
|
Supra-Infection |
Secondary infections usually caused by opportunistic pathogens after broad spectrum antibiotic treatments. |
|
Supra-infections s/s |
Mouth ulcers, anal and genital discharge |
|
Crystalluria |
Crystals in the urine |
|
How to prevent cryatalluria |
Increase fluid intake |
|
Crystalluria caused by |
Taking meds and not drinking fluids create crusllystals in urine |
|
Metabolism |
Process in which body chemically changes drugs into a form tht can be excreted. |
|
Primary site of metabolism |
Liver |
|
How does liver metabolize lipid drugs? |
Metabolized them (turns them into) 19 water soluble substances for renal excretion. |
|
What can alter drug metabolism |
Liver disease (cirrhoisis,hepatitis) inhibit drug metabolism enzymes |
|
Pharmaceutic phase |
When we injest med and we metabolize (diaaolve) it so it can b observed. The drug be omes a solution that can cross the biological membrane . |
|
What drugs go thruough the pharmaceutic phase? |
Oral meds |
|
What mes form will have Rapid drug action |
Liquid suspension (bc already solution which is necessary metabolism) |
|
Enterecoted meds dissolve in |
Small intestine (there fore have delay onset ) |
|
Enteric coated meds should |
NOT be crushed or chewed. (It will cause absorption in stomach... avoid high fat foods bc it will dissolve slowly) |
|
Type 1 DM can not take oral "insulin" because |
Digestive enzymes in GI prevent obsorption |