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249 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
accepted standard of care
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the consensus of medical opinion on what is adequate patient care in a perticular situation
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accession number
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unique identifying number used for cataloging a sample in the lab
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accreditation
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official approval of a program from a professional organization
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arobic bacteria
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bacteria that need oxygen
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aerosol
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mist of droplets
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agglutination
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sticking together
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficiency due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
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airborne precautions
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precautions that are used with patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
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airbone transmission
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spread of infection either by airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles taht contain microorganisms
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aliquot
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portion of sample
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allergic contact dermatitis
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allergic reaction following skin contact with an allergen
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allergy
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inappropriately severe immune reaction to an otherwise harmless substance
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amniocentesis
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collection of amniotic fluid or detection of inherited diseases and other abnormalities
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anaerobic bacteria
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bacteria that live without oxygen
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analyte
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substance being analzyed
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anaphylaxis
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severe immune reaction in which the airways may swell and blood pressure may fall
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anatomic/surgical pathology area
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one of the two main branches of the clinical laboratory, responsible for analyzing cells and tissues
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ancillary blood glucose test
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bedside test to determine blood glucose level, performed by dermal puncture
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anticoagulants
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additives that prevent blood clotting
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arterial blood gases(ABG)
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tests to determine the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood and the pH of the blood
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arterial line
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a vascular access device that is placed in an artery
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arteriospasm
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rapid contraction of the arterial wall
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arteriovenous (AV) shunt
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an artificial connection between an artery and a vein
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autoimmunity
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a condition in which the immune system attacks the body's won tissues
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autologous donation
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donation of a patient's own blood for use at a later time
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B cell
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antibody-producing cell
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bacteriostatic
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an agent tnat prevents growth of bacteria
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biotinidase deficiency
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inherited metabolic disorder
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bleeding time (BT) test
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a test that measures the length of time required for bleeding to stop after an incision is made
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blood bank
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the department that deals with blood for transfusions; also called immunohematology department
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blood type
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the presence and type of antigens on the surface of red blood cells
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blood-borne pathogens
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infectious agents carried in the blood
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brachial artery
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large artery in the antecubital fossa
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Broviac
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a type of central venous catheter
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bulbourethral gland
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gland supplying fluid for semen
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BURPP
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bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, and potassium
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butterfly
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winged infusion set
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calcaneus
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heel bone
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capillary tube (microhematocrit tube)
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small plastic tubes unsed primarily for hematocrit tests
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cardiac cycle
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set of events in one complete heartbeat
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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emergency manual means to maintain breathing and circulation
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catheterized urine sample
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urine sample collected via a catheter inserted inot the bladder
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CD4+ cells
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helper T cells
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cellular immunity
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T-cell mediated immunity
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central venous catheter
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most common vascular access device, inserted into one of the large veins emptying into the heart
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central venous line
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central venous catheter
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centrifuge
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separating components of a sample based on density by using machine that spins a sample at a very high speed
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certification
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verification that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice.
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cervix
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narrow opening between vagina and uterus
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chain of custody (COC)
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protocol that ensures the sample is always in the custody of a person legally entrusted to be in control of it
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chain of infection
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a continuous link between the infection source, the means of transmission, and the susceptible host
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chemical hygiene plan
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plan that describes all safety procedures, special precautions, and emergency procedures used when working with chemicals
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chemistry panel
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a goup of chemistry tests
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clinical pathology area
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one of the two main branches of the clinical laboratory, responsible for analyzing blood and other body fluids
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Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988
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federal law that mandated regulation of all facilities that performed patient testing
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clinical laboratory
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the hospital branch that analyzes samples from a patient atthe request of the physician or other health care personnel
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clot activators
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additives taht stimulate clotting
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coagulation
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clotting
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cold agglutinins
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antibodies often formed in response to infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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collateral circulation
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accessory supply of blood to a region by more than one artery
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College of American Pathologists (CAP)
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accrediting agency; accreditation by CAP is required for Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement
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combinng form
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combination of the word root and the combining vowel
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combining vowel
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a vowel added to a word root to make pronunciation easier
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common vehicle transmission
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transmission by means of contaminated items such as food, water, medications, devices, and equipemtn
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complete blood count
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an automated test used to test for conditions that affect the number and ratio of cell types in the blood
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conduction system
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system of conductive cells in the ehart that trigger contraction
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contact precautions
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precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses that are easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment
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contact transmission
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transfer of microorganisms from an infected or colonized person to a susceptible host by body surface-to-body surface contact or through contact with a contaminated object
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continuing education units
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creditsf or participation in a continuing education program
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contiunous quality improvement
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major goal of total quality management
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cryoglobulin
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abnormal type of fibrinogen that precipitates when cold
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cryoglobulin
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abnormal serum protein that precipitates when cold
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culture and sensitivity
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tests to detect and identify microorganisms and to determine the most effective antibiotic therapy
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cytokines
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chemical messengers that include interferons and interleukins
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cytotoxic T cells
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lymphocytes that recongnize antigens and directly destroy both foreign cells and infected host cells
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damages
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monetary compensation
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delta check
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quality assurance procedure that helps identify identification errors by comparing previous patient results with current results
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depolarization
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contraction of the heart
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dereliction
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a breach of the duty of care
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differential
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a test to assess the ratio of the different types of white blood cells and platelets
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differnetial count
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determination of the proportions of the various blood cell type
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diluent
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liquid of dilution
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disinfectant
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an agent used to clean a surface other than living tissue
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dorsalis pedis artery
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artery in the foot
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DOT label
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Department of Transportation label, indicating the type of hazard, the United Nations hazard class number, and a specific identifying
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droplet nuclei
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particles smaller than 5 micrometers that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time
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droplet precautions
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precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets
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droplet transmission
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spread of infection through airborne droplets
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8-hour specimen
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used for morning specimen
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emesis
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nausea and vomiting
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essentials
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established standards and competencies used in an accredited program
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epididymis
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established standards and competencies used in an accredited program
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estrogens
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hormones controlling the female reproductive cycle
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external arteriovenous (AV) shunt
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AV shunt consisting of a cannula with a rubber septum, through which a needle may be inserted for drawing blood
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fallopian tube
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tube through which an egg reaches the uterus
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feathered edge
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a blood smear characteristic in which cells farther from the original drop appear to thin out
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femoral artery
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artery in the groin area above the thigh
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first morning specimen
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urine sample collected immediately after a patient wakens; also called 8-hour specimen
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fistula
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permanent internal connection between an artery and a vein
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"flea"
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metal filing used to mix blood with additives in small tubes
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floor book
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book that contains a variety of information pertinent to the smooth coordination of nursing staff and lab personnel, including laboratory schedules, sweep times, and written notification of any watch changes, plus information on patient preparation, specimen types and handling, and normal values
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flow cytometry
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analytical technique used to identify cellular markers on the surface of white blood cells
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formite
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contaminated object
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gauge
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a number describing the diameter of a needle's lumen
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gonads
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testes and overies
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Groshong
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a type of central venous catheter
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health maintance organization
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health care delivery system taht functions as full-service outpatient clinics, providing all or almost all medical specialties under one roof
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helper T cells
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regulators of the immune response
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hematocrit
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test to determine the percnetage of the blood volume that is red blood cells
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hematoma
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a reddened, swollen area where blood collects under the skin
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hemochromatosis
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excess of iron in the blood
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hemoconcentration
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an increase in the ratio of formed elements to plasma, usually caused by leaving the tourniquet on to long
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hemolysis
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destruction of red blood cells
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hemostatis
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the process by which the body stops blood from leaking out of a wound
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heparin or saline lock
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a tube temporarily placed in a peripheral vein; used to administer medicine and draw blood.
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Hickman
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a type of central venous catheter
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human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
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a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation of a fertilized egg
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humoral immunity
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antibody-based immunity
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hyperventilation
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rapid shallow breathing
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immunization
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deliberate provocation of an immune response to stimulate immune memory
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hyperventilation
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rapid shallow breathing
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immunohematology
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blood donated to blood bank
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implanted port
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a chamber located under the skin and connected toan indwelling line
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incident report
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prompt and complete documnetation of the circumstances of an incident
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infection
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an invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease
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informed consent
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consent to a procedure with full understanding of the risks and the right to refuse to undergo the procedure
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interferon
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a type of cytokine
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interleukin
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a type of cytokine
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internal ateriovenous (AV) shunt
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AV shunt consisting of a fistula that uses either the patient's tissue, a piece of bovine tissue, or a synthetic tube
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iontophorectic pilocarpine test
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detection of salt levels in sweat by application of a weak electric current
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iontophoresis
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induction of sweat by application of a weak electric current
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irritant contact dermatitis
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direct irritaiton of the skin by contact with a chemical irritant
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isolation
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to separate an infection source from suscoptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection
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Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations
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organization that sets standards regarding systems to monitor and evaluate the quality of patient care
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latex sensitivity
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response to latex proteins in gloves and other medical equipment; usually leads to contact dermatitis
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leads
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ECG electrodes
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liability insurance
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insurance that covers monetary damages that must be paid if the defendant loses a liability suit
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liable
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to be legally responsible for an action of inaction
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licensure
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a documneted permit sisued by a goverment agency, either municipal or state, that grants the bearer permission to perform a particular service or procedure
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luer adapter
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a device for adapting a butterfly needle to an evacuated tube
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lumen
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the hollow tube within a needle
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hymphostasis
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lack of movement of lymph fluid
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major histocompatiblity complex
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set of surface proteins detected by the immune system that are used to distinguish self tissue from nonself
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malpractice
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delivery of substandard care that results in harm to a patient
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maple syrup disease
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inherited metabolic disorder
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material safety data sheet
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sheet that provides information on the chemical, its hazards, and procedures for cleanup and first aid
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memory cells
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B cells specialized to respond quickly upon the second encounter with an antigen
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memory T cells
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T cells that are primed to respond rapidly if an antigen is encountered again later in life
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microcollection tube
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small tube used to collect dermal puncture samples; "bullet"
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micropipet (Caraway pipet or Natelson pipet)
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large glass capillary tube
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midstream clean catch
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most common procedure for collecting any tyupe of urine specimen
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modified Allen test
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test for collateral circulation
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molecular diagnostics
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department that analyzes DNA within a variety of tissues
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multisample needle
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a double-ended needle designed to be used with an evacuated tube system
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nasopharyngeal culture
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used to diagnose whooping cough, croup, pneumonia, and other upper respiratory tract infections
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Natioal Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
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nonprofit organization that sets standards and guidelines under the Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988
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needle adapter
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translucent plastic cylinder connecting a multisample needle to an evacuated tube
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negligence
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failure to perform an action consistent with the accepted standard of care
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NFPA Label
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National Fire Protection Agency label taht serves to warn fire fighters of the location of hazardous materials in the event of a fire.
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noscomial infections
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infections contracted by a patient during a hospital stay
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occluded
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blocked
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occult blood specimen
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fecal specimen for detection of blood in stool
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order of draw
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the prescribed sequence in which tubes with different additives should be filled during a multi-tube collection
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OSHA
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration; responsible for regulations governing workplace safety
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osteochondritis
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painful inflamation of the bone or cartilage
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osteomyelitis
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bone infection
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out-of-court settlement
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a settlement in which the two parties reach an agreement without the intervention of a judge or jury.
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ovaries
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site of egg production
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ovulation
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release of an egg
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P wave
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part of the normal ECG tracting
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palpation
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probing or feeling
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partial pressure of carbon
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amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood
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pathogens
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infectious organisms
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penis
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the male copulation organ
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peripherally inserted central catheter
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a vascular access device threaded into a central vein after insertion into a peripheral (noncentral) vein.
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personal protective equipment
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fluid-resistant gowns, masks, respirators, face shields, shoe covers, and gloves
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petechiae
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small red spots appearing on the skin that are caused by a tourniquet that is too tight.
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phlebotomy
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the practice of drawing blood
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physician office lab
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physicians in a group practice may employ a phlebotomist to collect patient samples
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plaintiff
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person claiming to have been harmed by the defendant
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plasma cells
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B cells specialized for producing antibody
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pneumatic tube system
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sample transport system in which samples are carrried in a sealed container within a network of tubes
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poycythemia
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excessive production of red blood cells
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PR interval
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part of the normal ECG tracing
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preanalytical variables
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variables that occur prior to performing the analysis of the specimen
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preferred provider organization
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a group of doctors and hospitals who offer their services to large employers to provide health care to employees
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prefix
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a word part preceding the root
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procedure manual
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book that contains protocols and other information about all the tests performed in the lab, including the principle behind the test, the purpose of performing it, the specimen type the test requires, the collection method, and the equipment and supplies required.
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professional services
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hospital branch that, at the request of the physician, provides services that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient; in cludes the clinical laboratory
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progesterone
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hormone controlling the reproductive cycle
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prostate
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gland supplying fluid for semen
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protective isolation
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isolation of immunocompromised paitients to prevent exposing them to infection
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QRS Complex
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part of the normal ECG tracing
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QT interval
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part of the normal ECG tracing
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quality assurance
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set of methods used to guarantee quality patient care
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quality control
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quantitative methods used to monitor the quality of precedures
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quality phlebotomy
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a set of policies and procedures designed to ensure the delivery of consistently high-quality patient care and specimen analysis
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raidal artery
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artery supplying the hand
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radioactive hazard symbol
|
symbol used to mark areas where radioactivity is used
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random specimen
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a specimen that may be collected at any time
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rapid Group A Strep
|
test for the rapid detection of Group A Streptococcus bacteria
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reference laboratory
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an indepentdent laboratory that analyzes samples from other health care facilities
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reflux
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flow of blood from the collection tube back into the needle and then into the patient's vein.
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repolarization
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relaxation and recovery of the heart after contraction
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requisition
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form specifying which tests must be run or which samples to collect
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reservoir
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a person carrying an infectious agent without being sick
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respiratory steady state
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state required for ABG collection, in which blood gas concentrations are steady
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reverse isolation
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a protective isolation
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root
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the main part of a word
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scalp artery
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artery used for arterial blood collection in infants
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sclerosed
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hardened
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scrotum
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sac containing the testes
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seminal vesicles
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glands supplying fluid for semen
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sepsis
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bacterial infection
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72-hour stool specimen
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specimen used for quantitative fecal fat determination
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severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
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inherited disorder marked by almost total lack of B and T cells
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sharps
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needles, lancets, broken glass, and other sharp items
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sickle-cell anemia
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inherited disorder of the hemoglobin molecule
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ST segment
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part of the normal ECG tracing
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standard precautions
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an infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, other body fluids, and tissues from all persons
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STAT
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a requisition requiring immediate attention and processing
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stylus
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recording pen of the ECG machine
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suffix
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a word part following the root
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suprapubic aspiration
|
sample collected via a needle inserted through the abdominal wall into the bladder
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sweat electrolytes
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salt present in normal sweat; used as a part of the diagnosis for cystic fibrosis
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syncope
|
fainting
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T-wave
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part of the normal ECG tracing
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testosterone
|
principal make sec hormone
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therapeutic phlebotomy
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removal of blood from a patient's system as part of the teatment for a disorder
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thixotropic gel
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an inert additive used to separate cells from plasma during centrifugation
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thrombosis
|
clot formation within a blood vessel
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times specimens
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a seriees of samples often collected over 24 hours and combined to provide a single, large specimen.
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tort
|
an injury to one person for which another person who caused the injury is legally responsible
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total quality management
|
entire set of approaches used by the institutions to provide customer satisfaction
|
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transmission-based precautions
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precaustions targeted at patients known or suspected to be infected with a highly transmissible pathogen
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triple lumen
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a central venous catheter
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tube advancement mark
|
mark on a needle adapter indication how far the tube can be pushed in without losing vacuum
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tube holder
|
an needle adapter
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umbilical artery
|
artery used for arterial collection in infants
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unintentional torts
|
unintentional injury; the basis for most medical malpractice claims
|
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urethra
|
tube carrying urine from the bladder
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urgent care center
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an outpatient clinic that provides walk-in services to patients who cannot wait for a scheduled appointment with their primary health care provider
|
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uterus
|
site of egg implantation and fetal development
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vagina
|
passage in a female in which sperm and semen are deposited during intercourse
|
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vas deferens
|
tube in a male through which sperm reach the urethra
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vascular access device
|
a tube that is inserted into either a vein or artery; used to administer fluids or medications, to monitor blood pressure, or to draw blood.
|
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vector transmission
|
infectious agents carried by organisms that are not harmed by their presence
|
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venous thrombosis
|
formation of a blood clot within a vein
|
|
winged infusion set
|
small needle and flexible tube for delicate veins; "butterfly"
|