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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Crude oil pipelines are subdivided into the categories of crude oil gathering lines and crude oil distribution lines. True or False |
False |
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The refined products pipelines value chain begins at refineries and ends at petroleum products__________. |
terminals |
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Products move down the pipeline in batches. True or False |
True |
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Compressor stations at gas plants or gathering systems _______ the pressure of the natural gas to move or inject the gas into the main line. |
boost |
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Often used to describe products moved via pipeline, _________ also means “interchangeable.” |
fungible |
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In most cases in the US, the natural gas transmission lines never actually own the natural gas. They simply transport the natural gas for a fee. True or False |
True |
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Col. Edwin Drake is generally credited with drilling the first oil well in__________. |
Titusville, Pennsylvania |
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Early oil producers loaded their product, crude oil, into_________ for transport via horse-drawn wagons. |
barrels |
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An early pipeline near Pithole, PA, featured 2-inch wrought iron pipe that had _____ joints to deter leaks. |
threaded |
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_______ is separated from crude oil before the crude oil is transportable and marketable. |
Natural gas |
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In 1879, the Tidewater Pipeline Company completed the first crude oil __________ line from western Pennsylvania to Williamsport, PA. |
trunk |
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Devices used to clean pipelines are called ____________. |
pigs |
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In the 1870s railroads believed pipelines threatened their long-haul business. True or False |
True |
False |
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During the Second World War, a 24-inch diameter crude oil pipeline called the ____ was built from Texas to Philadelphia. |
Big Inch Line |
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The general physical principles governing natural gas and oil pipelines are the same, but natural gas is many times more ________ than oil. |
compressible |
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In a _________ system, the fluid enters and leaves the system from multiple points since the product is all the same and the consumers do not care where it originates. |
hydrant |
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Strictly speaking, __________ is the quantity of a fluid expressed in terms of mass per unit volume. |
density |
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Diesel has a higher API gravity than gasoline. True or False |
False |
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_______ lines move only one product, such as jet fuel going to an airport. |
Dedicated |
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The Standard Oil Act declared all interstate oil pipelines to be regulated common carriers. True or False |
False |
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In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________ |
1968 |
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In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________ |
1968 |
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The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________. |
great land |
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In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________ |
1968 |
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The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________. |
great land |
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The Alaska Pipeline is approximately ______ miles long. |
800 |
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In what year was the massive oil field discovered near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska? _________ |
1968 |
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The oil companies formed a partnership known collectively as Alyeska, an Aleut word for Alaska meaning _____________. |
great land |
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The Alaska Pipeline is approximately ______ miles long. |
800 |
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What is the diameter of the Alaska Pipeline? __________ |
48 inches |
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What was the cost of constructing the Alaska Pipeline? ___________ |
9 billion |
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The United States purchased Alaska from __________ for $7 million. |
Russia |
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Alaska became a state in ______. |
1959 |
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Who drilled the first modern oil well in the 1850s in Pennsylvania? _______ |
Edwin Drake |
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Until the internal combustion engine was invented in the late 1800s, _________ was considered a waste product. |
gasoline |
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During the 1990s, ______ percent of all oil used by Americans passed through the Alaskan oil pipeline. |
10 |
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Much of the route of the Alaskan pipeline is covered with soft, silty soil infused with ice known as _________. |
permafrost |
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Much of the route of the Alaskan pipeline is covered with soft, silty soil infused with ice known as _________. |
permafrost |
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The Alaskan pipeline is designed to withstand an earthquake of a magnitude up to _________ on the Richter scale. |
8.5 |
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How many people died while building the Alaska pipeline? |
31 |
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Oil began to flow in the Alaska pipeline for the first time in what year? |
1977 |
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In March 1989, the tanker named _______ spilled nearly 11 million gallons of oil into Prince William Sound. |
Exxon Valdez |
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Environmentalists think of _____ as the lease offensive fossil fuel. |
natural gas |
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Environmentalists think of _____ as the lease offensive fossil fuel. |
natural gas |
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Natural gas has a distinctive odor. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _______ lines. |
local distribution |
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Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _______ lines. |
local distribution |
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The textbook contains a long discussion of pipelines to individual homes. True or False |
False |
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While ______ is composed of relatively large larger molecules, raw gas is a mixture of relatively smaller hydrocarbon molecules. |
crude oil |
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While ______ is composed of relatively large larger molecules, raw gas is a mixture of relatively smaller hydrocarbon molecules. |
crude oil |
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Lines from the well to separators are normally called _______. |
flow lines |
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Natural gas lines are designed with low spots called ________. |
drips |
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Natural gas lines are designed with low spots called ________. |
drips |
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Locations where a number of pipelines interconnect are called pipeline __________. |
hubs |
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What does the acronym “LDC” stand for? __________ |
Local Distribution Company |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______). |
nominations |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______). |
nominations |
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The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______. |
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______). |
nominations |
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The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______. |
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure |
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Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable. True or False |
True |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______). |
nominations |
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The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______. |
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure |
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Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable. True or False |
True |
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Producers and others delivering into the natural gas pipeline want low pressures. |
True |
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Natural gas pipeline control rooms use different communication and control technologies than do oil pipeline control rooms. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecasts (called ______). |
nominations |
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The acronym “MAOP” stands for _______. |
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure |
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Natural gas pipeline operators want pipeline pressures as high as safely allowable. True or False |
True |
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Producers and others delivering into the natural gas pipeline want low pressures. |
True |
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______ connect wellheads to manifolds. |
Jumpers |
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______ are pipes connecting a tree, a pipeline, or a manifold, all on the sea floor, to the top of a production platform. |
Risers |
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______ are pipes connecting a tree, a pipeline, or a manifold, all on the sea floor, to the top of a production platform. |
Risers |
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Undersea pipeline laying comes in four self-descriptive configurations: |
1. S-lay 2. J-lay 3. reel barge 4. tow-in |
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Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel. |
natural gas |
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Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel. |
natural gas |
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Natural gas has a distinctive odor. True or False |
False |
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Environmentalists think of ______ as the lease offensive fossil fuel. |
natural gas |
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Natural gas has a distinctive odor. True or False |
False |
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Natural gas pipelines are composed of gathering lines, main lines, and _____ lines. |
local distribution |
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Lines from the well to separators are normally called ___________. |
flow lines |
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Natural gas pipeline schedulers work with estimates or forecast (called _________). |
nominations |
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“SCADA” stands for ________. |
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition |
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“SCADA” stands for ________. |
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition |
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SCADA systems are unique to pipelines. True or False |
False |
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Adding ________ to a SCADA system eliminates single points of failure. |
redundancy |
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For “report by exception,” a device reports only a change in value or status. True or False |
True |
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For “report by exception,” a device reports only a change in value or status. True or False |
True |
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SCADA operating data fit into three categories: parameter values, _________, and other nonparametric data. |
device status |
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______ is the transmission time for data to move from the remote device to the host system. |
communications latency |
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______ is the transmission time for data to move from the remote device to the host system. |
communications latency |
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Reports capture events and commands and are an important part of the historic database for troubleshooting, optimizing processes, and training. True or False |
False |
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Large leaks are normally called ruptures. True or False |
True |
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Small leaks are called _______. |
pin holes |
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What does the acronym “INGAA” stand for? |
Interstate Natural Gas Association of America |
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What does the acronym “INGAA” stand for? |
Interstate Natural Gas Association of America |
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Protecting against theft is a security issue and the textbook discusses it in depth. True or False |
False |
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The most common type of corrosion to pipelines is _________ corrosion. |
galvanic |
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_______ occurs when one type of soil moves more or less than a nearby soil type. |
Aseismic faulting |
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______ is a way to stop corrosion by reversing the flow of electrons, making them flow towards the pipe. |
Cathodic protection |
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The definition of risk used in this book is: Risk = Probability x Consequences. True or False |
True |
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The ______ method of establishing rates involves understanding the rates charged by competing forms of transportation. |
cost of alternative transportation |
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most line pipe is made by one of two methods: ______ or bending. |
piercing |
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Plastic and fiberglass are examples of ________ (not iron-based) types of pipe. |
nonferrous |
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_____, a special class of wrap, are much like tape but heat is used to apply them. |
Shrink sleeves |
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_____, a special class of wrap, are much like tape but heat is used to apply them. |
Shrink sleeves |
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To slide a flat piece of metal across an opening to close it is the principle of a _______ valve. |
gate |
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______ valves allow flow in only one direction. |
Check |
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The devices that mount on valves to open or close them are ________. |
actuators |
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Pumps are used in oil service. ______ handle natural gas. |
Compressors |
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Pumps are used in oil service. ______ handle natural gas. |
Compressors |
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_____ involves installing a control valve on the discharge of the pump. The valve creates additional friction loss in the system by pinching down on the flow. |
Throttling |
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Engines, electric motors, and turbines are examples of pipeline ______. |
prime movers |
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