Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Psychological disorders: are patterns of ____________ or _________ processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or disability.
|
BEHAVIORS OR MENTAL PROCESS
|
|
|
Behavior or mental processes are suggestive of psychological disorders when they meet some combination of the following criteria:
|
•They are UNUSUAL..
•They suggest faulty PERCEPTION or interpretation of reality •They suggest severe personal DISTRESS. •They are SELF DEFEATING •They are _______ to self or others DANGEROUS •The behavior is socially UNACCEPTABLE |
UNUSUAL
PERCEPTION DISTRESS SELF DEFEATING DANGEROUS UNACCPETABLE |
|
The most widely used classification scheme for psychological disorders is the ___________________ of the American Psychiatric Association.
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR)
|
CLASSIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
|
|
-IV-TR groups disorders on the basis of __________ behaviors or symptoms.
|
OBSERVABLE
|
|
|
The DSM-IV organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into ______ ________ (axes) relating to different aspects of disorder or disability:
|
FIVE LEVELS
|
|
|
•Axis I: _________disorders as well as developmental and learning
|
CLINICAL
|
|
|
Axis II: underlying pervasive or _________conditions as well as mental retardation
|
PERSONALITY
|
|
|
•Axis III: Acute _________ conditions and physical disorders
|
MEDICAL
|
|
|
Axis IV: ______________and environmental factors contributing to the disorder
|
PSYCHOSOCIAL
|
|
|
: Global Assessment Functioning (GAS) or_____________ for children (on a scale from 100 to 0)
|
CHILDREN'S GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SCALE-GAS
|
GAS
|
|
Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety has _________ and ________features.
|
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES
|
P&P
|
|
Psychological features include:
|
WORRYING
FEAR OF THE WORST |
|
|
Psychological features include:
|
TREMBLING
SWEATING POUNDING HEART ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE FAINTNESS |
|
|
WHAT IS PHOBIA:
|
Extreme irrational fear and avoidance of that fear
|
|
|
_______ phobias: excessive, irrational fears of speific objects or situations.
|
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
|
ARACHNOPHOBIA
CLAUSTROPHOBIA PHOTOPHOBIA |
|
S______ phobias: persistent fears of scrutiny by others or of doing something that will be humiliating or embarrassing.
|
SOCIAL PHOBIA
|
COMMON SYMPTOMS:
NAUSEA, BLUSHING, SWEATING, TREMBLING, DIFFICULTY SPEAKING |
|
Panic Disorder: is an abrupt attack of acute ______ that is not triggered by a specific object or situation.
|
ANXIETY
|
|
|
Symptoms OF PANIC DISORDER may last minutes or hours and include:
|
SHORTNESS OF BREATH, SWEATING, TREMORS, POUNDING OF HEART, SUFFOCATION, FEAR OF LOSING CONTROL
|
|
|
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: is persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation or activity. It seems to be _____- ___________.
|
FREE FLOATING
|
|
|
Symptoms OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER include:
|
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OVER AROUSAL,
FEELINGS OF DREAD, FOREBODING, EXCESSIVE THOUGHTS |
|
|
Obsessions are ________, anxiety-provoking_____ or images that seem irrational and beyond control. These thoughts are so compelling that they _______ daily life
|
RECURRENT THOUGHTS
RECURRENT OBSESSIONS, AFFECT ANXIETY PROVOKING THOUGHTS OR IMAGES |
OCD
|
|
Compulsions are _________ or___________ that tend to _______ the anxiety connected with obsessions. They are irresistible urges to repeat an act or engage in ritualistic behavior
|
THOUGHTS OR BEHAVIOR TO REDUCE (ANXIETY)
|
EXCESSIVE HAND WASHING
COUNTING ITEMS TURNING THINGS OFF & ON CALMING**** |
|
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a ___________ experience.
|
TRAUMATIC (EXPERIENCE)
|
TRAUMA
|
|
•Traumatic experiences include natural or man-made disasters, _______, or assault, or witnessing a _________.
|
THREATS
DEATH |
MAN MADE DISASTER
ASSULTS WITNESS OF _________ |
|
•The traumatic event is revisited in the form of ________ memories, recurrent _______, and ___________.
|
INTRUSIVE (MEMORIES)
DREAMS (REOCCURENT) FLASHBACKS |
|
|
Dissociative Disorders: (five times more prevalent in ________) are characterized by a __________ of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness.
|
FEMALES,
SEPARATION OF MENTAL PROCESSES |
MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER
|
|
Dissociative Fugue–characterized by the person _______ leaving their home or place of work and ___________ to another place, having lost all ________ of their past.
|
ABRUPTLY LEAVING,
TRAVELING TO ANOTHER PLACE, LOST OF ALL MEMORY |
VIDEO OF MAN TODAY SHOW AMNESIA SYMPTOMS
|
|
•Dissociative identity disorder (formerly termed multiple personality disorder)–Characterized by two or more ________ or ________, each with _______ traits and memories, occupying the same person.
|
TWO OR MORE IDENTITIES OR PERSONSONALITIES,
DISTINCT TRAITS |
|
|
Somatoform Disorders are characterized by complaints of ______ (somatic) problems in people.
|
PHYSICAL (SOMATIC)
|
|
|
SOMATIC PROBLEMS IN PEOPLE SUCH AS:
such as: •p______ •p______ •p_________ ________that they have a serious disease Yet, ____ evidence of a physical abnormality can be found. |
PARALYSIS
PAIN PERSISTENT BELIEF NO PHYSICAL EVIDENCE |
|
|
Hypochondriasis characterized by people _________ that they are ________ with a serious physical illness even though _____ medical evidence of illness can be found.
|
INSISTING THEY ARE SUFFERING FROM A DISEASE BUT NOT MEDICAL EVIDENCE
|
HYPOCHONDRIAC
|
|
Major depression
Characteristics include |
•LACK of energy.
•LOSS of self-esteem. •DIFFICULTY concentrating. •LOSS of interest in activities and other people. •PESSIMISUM, crying, and thoughts of suicide. •POOR appetite and serious weight loss. •Psychomotor RETARDATION. •FAULTY perception including delusions of unworthiness, guilt for imagined wrong doings and possible hallucinations of strange bodily sensations. |
LLDLPPRF
LOST LOVE DOWN on LUCK POOR PITIFUL RETARDED FAMILY |
|
SHORT ANSWER
TREATMENT FOR MAJOR DEPRESSION: |
MEDICATION
PSYCHOTHERAPY ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT) |
ECT
|
|
Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which those affected _____ disease, illness, or psychological trauma in order to _____ __________or _________ to themselves.
|
FEIGN DISEASE
DRAW ATTENTION SYMPATHY |
PERSON FEELS
|
|
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy involves a caregiver who ______ or induces an illness in _______ __________, usually to gain power and control over the victim as well as attention or sympathy from others.
|
FEIGNS OR INDUCES ILLNESS IN ANOTHER PERSON
DRAW ATTENTION SYMPATHY |
SIX SENSES-MOTHER
|
|
Bipolar Disorder (formerly known as manic-depressive disorder) is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person’s _______, energy, and ability to function.
|
SHIFTS IN PERSONS MOOD
|
SEVERE
ADOLESCENCE OR EARLY ADULTHOOD |
|
Bipolar disorder causes _____ mood ________—from overly “high” and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between.
|
DRAMATIC MOOD SWINGS
|
|
|
Severe changes in ______ and _______ go along with these changes in mood. The periods of highs and lows are called ________ of mania and depression.
|
ENERGY AND BEHAVIOR
CHANGES EPISODES OF MANIA & DEPRESSION |
MANIC DEPRESSION
|
|
People with bipolar disorder who have these symptoms are sometimes incorrectly diagnosed as having _________________.
|
MISS DIAGNOSED AS
SCHIZOPHRENIA OR ANOTHER SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS |
|
|
Schizophrenia is a c_______, ________ psychological disorder that touches every aspect of a person’s life.
|
CHRONIC SEVERE
|
|
|
SHORT QUESTION MAYBE
SCHIZOPHRENIA EXHIBIT DELUSIONS:(false, persistent beliefs) –G__________ –P__________ –R___________ |
GRANDEUR
PERSECUTION REFERENCE |
GPR
|
|
Types of Schizophrenia
|
•Paranoid
•Disorganized type: Incoherent •Catatonic type |
|
|
•Paranoid type
•–have systematized delusions and frequently related _______ hallucinations. –Usually the delusions are of ________ and _________ including jealousy –May experience vivid _________ that are consistent with their delusions |
AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
DELUSIONS OF GRANDEUR & PERSECUTION VIVID HALLUCINATIONS |
|
|
•Disorganized type: Incoherent*
–loosening of ____________ –disorganized __________ –disorganized d________ –fragmentary _______ or hallucinations –and flat or highly inappropriate ________ responses |
ASSOCIATIONS
BEHAVIOR DISORGANIZED DELUSIONS HALLUCINATIONS INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONAL RESPONSE |
|
|
•Catatonic type : striking impairment in ________ activity.
•-________of activity into a stupor that may suddenly change into an ________ phase. -Maintain unusual, even difficult ______ for hours, even as their limbs swell or stiffen. -_______ flexibility in which the person maintains positions into which he or she has been manipulated by others. ______-does not speak to others. |
IMPAIRED MOTOR ACTIVITY
SLOW ACTIVITY INTO AN AGITATED PHASE POSTURES WAXY FLEXIBILITY MUTISM |
MOVEMENT BY OTHERS
DO NOT SPEAK |
|
Possible causes of Schizophrenia:
•Heredity. (pg 539) •Complications during _______ • Prolonged ______ •Birth during ______. •Poor maternal _______ •Atypical _________ of the central nervous system. • Alcohol _______ |
•Heredity.
•Complications during PREGNANCY •Birth during WINTER. •Poor maternal NUTRITION •Atypical DEVELOPMENT of the central nervous system. • Alcohol ABUSE |
|
|
•The Dopamine theory of schizophrenia suggests that people with schizophrenia o_________ dopamine. They may have larger numbers of dopamine receptorsas well as increased concentrations of dopamine which may lead to confusion
|
OVERUTILIZE DOPAMINE
|
|
|
The multifactorial model suggests that genetic factors create a __________ toward schizophrenia. Then other factors contribute to the cause of the disorder.
|
PREDISPOSITION
|
|
|
Multifactorial Model of Schizophrenia According to the multifactorial model of schizophrenia, people with a genetic vulnerability to the disorder experience increased risk for schizophrenia when they encounter problems such as
• viral __________ • _______complications, • stress, • poor _________ |
• viral INFECTIONS
• BIRTH complications, • stress, • poor PARENTING |
|
|
People ____________ the genetic vulnerability would ______develop schizophrenia despite such problems (see figure 14.2)
|
WITHOUT GENETIC VUNERABILITY,
NOT DEVELOP |
|
|
Personality disorders
–characterized by enduring _________ of behavior that are inflexible, and maladaptive and occurs over a broad range of situations. Pattern is stable or of long duration, beginning in childhood or adolescence |
ENDURING PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR
|
|
|
Personality disorders –These behaviors typically _______social or personal functioning and are a source of distress to the individual or to other people.
|
IMPAIR SOCIAL FUNCTION
|
|
|
Personality disorders D________ getting along with other people. May be irritable, demanding, hostile, fearful or manipulative.
|
DIFFICULT TO GET ALONG WITH
|
|
|
•Disorganized type: Incoherent*
–loosening of ____________ –disorganized __________ –disorganized d________ –fragmentary _______ or hallucinations –and flat or highly inappropriate ________ responses |
ASSOCIATIONS
BEHAVIOR DISORGANIZED DELUSIONS HALLUCINATIONS INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONAL RESPONSE |
|
|
•Catatonic type : striking impairment in ________ activity.
•-________of activity into a stupor that may suddenly change into an ________ phase. -Maintain unusual, even difficult ______ for hours, even as their limbs swell or stiffen. -_______ flexibility in which the person maintains positions into which he or she has been manipulated by others. _______, can not speak |
IMPAIRED MOTOR ACTIVITY
SLOW ACTIVITY INTO AN AGITATED PHASE POSTURES WAXY FLEXIBILITY MUTISM |
MOVEMENT BY OTHERS
DO NOT SPEAK |
|
Possible causes of Schizophrenia:
•Heredity. (pg 539) •Complications during _______ • Prolonged ______ •Birth during ______. •Poor maternal _______ •Atypical _________ of the central nervous system. • Alcohol _______ |
•Heredity. (pg 539)
•Complications during PREGNANCY • Prolonged ______ •Birth during WINTER. •Poor maternal NUTRITION •Atypical DEVELOPMENT of the central nervous system. • Alcohol ABUSE |
|
|
•The Dopamine theory of schizophrenia suggests that people with schizophrenia o_________ dopamine. They may have larger numbers of dopamine receptorsas well as increased concentrations of dopamine which may lead to confusion
|
OVERUTILIZE DOPAMINE
|
|
|
The multifactorial model suggests that genetic factors create a __________ toward schizophrenia. Then other factors contribute to the cause of the disorder.
|
PREDISPOSITION
|
|
|
Multifactorial Model of Schizophrenia According to the multifactorial model of schizophrenia, people with a genetic vulnerability to the disorder experience increased risk for schizophrenia when they encounter problems such as
• viral __________ • _______complications, • stress, • poor _________ |
• viral INFECTIONS
• BIRTH complications, • stress, • poor PARENTING |
|
|
People ____________ the genetic vulnerability would ______develop schizophrenia despite such problems (see figure 14.2)
|
WITHOUT GENETIC VUNERABILITY,
NOT DEVELOP |
|
|
Personality disorders
–characterized by enduring _________ of behavior that are inflexible, and maladaptive and occurs over a broad range of situations. Pattern is stable or of long duration, beginning in childhood or adolescence |
ENDURING PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR
|
|
|
Personality disorders –These behaviors typically _______social or personal functioning and are a source of distress to the individual or to other people.
|
IMPAIR SOCIAL FUNCTION
|
|
|
Personality disorders D________ getting along with other people. May be irritable, demanding, hostile, fearful or manipulative.
|
DIFFICULT TO GET ALONG WITH
|
|
|
Cluster A The ______ People
|
ODD
|
ODD BALLS
|
|
•Paranoid personality disorder tendency to interpret other people’s behavior as _______ or demeaning
|
THREATENING
|
MISTRUST
PREOCCUPIED W/ TRUSTWORTHINESS OF OTHERS HIDDEN DEMEANING SHIFT BLAME PERCEIVES ATTACKS CONSTANT SUSPICION HIDDEN MEANING OTHERS CHALLENGE LOYALTIES |
|
•Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by _________of thought, perception, or behavior such as excessive fantasy and suspiciousness, feelings of being unreal, or odd usage of words
|
PECULIARITIES
|
THOUGHT PECULIARITIES
ODD USAGE OF WORDS ODD BELIEFS SOCIAL ANXIETY ISOLATION ECCENTRICITIES DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATION |
|
•Schizoid personality is defined by ____________ to relationships and _______ emotional response.
|
INDIFFERENCE TO RELATIONSHIPS
FLAT EMOTIONAL RESPONSE |
LONERS
LITTLE SOCIAL CONTACT PERCEIVED AS HUMORLESS PERCEIVED AS DISTANT |
|
Cluster B The_________ People
|
Egocentric
|
|
|
Histrionic Personality Disorder are excessive _________ and are constant attention seeker. (GRACIE)
|
EXCESSIVE EMOTIONALITY
|
CENTER OF ATTENTION
GRANDIOSE PROVOCATIVELY DRESS EXAGGERATED FRIENDSHIPS MANIPULATIVE |
|
Borderline personality disorder Is characterized by i_________ in relationships and mood, poor self-image, and_______ of impulse control.
(PRINCESS DI AND MARILYN MONROE) |
INSTABILITY
LACK OF IMPULSE CONTROL |
CONSTANT MOOD SWING
EMPTY BORED SHIFT ABRUPT STORMY RELATIONSHIP SELF MUTILIATED |
|
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is characterized by ___-__________ grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. (FOREST)
|
SELF CENTEREDNESS
|
SEEK ATTENTION
PRAISE EXAGGERATE ACHIEVEMENT CHOOSY ABOUT FRIENDS |
|
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by persistently________ the rights of others and being in conflict with the law. (MANSON AND BUNDY) ***CAMELEONS
|
VIOLATION OF RIGHTS OF OTHERS
CONFLICT WITH LAW |
SOCIOPATHIC
SUPERFICIAL CHARM LACK GUILT FAIL TO LEARN BY PUNISHMENT DO NOT BOND W/OTHERS LIE & STEAL- |
|
W_______ are more likely than men to have anxiety and depressive disorders.
|
WOMEN
|
|
|
M_____ are more likely to have antisocial personality disorder.
|
MEN
|
BUNDY-CAMELEON
|
|
Cluster C the ________ People
|
ANXIOUS
|
|
|
Avoidant personality disorder individuals are generally unwilling to enter a relationship without some assurance of acceptance because they fear _______ and criticism.
|
FEAR REJECTION
|
|
|
Dependent Personality Disorder is characterized by _______ and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.
|
SUBMISSIVE AND CLINGING BEHAVIOR
|
CLING, SUICIDAL AT BREAK UP
OTHERS MAKE DECISIONS ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS SENSITIVE TO DISAPPROVAL HELPLESS, NO HEALTH |
|
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is similar to obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder. Preoccupation with _______, perfectionism and control.
|
ORDERLINESS
|
OVERLY ORDERLINESS
EVERYTHING RIGHT DETAILS & MISS BIG PICTURE HIGH STANDARDS, CRITICAL, AVOID DECISIONS DIFFICULTY W/EMOTIONS |
|
Understanding and Preventing Suicide
About _______ people each year take their lives in the U.S. |
30K
|
|
|
Risk Factors in Suicide:
Linked to ______ of depression and hopelessness. –______ achieving. –R______ perfectionists. –Set impossibly _______ expectations for themselves. –_______themselves negatively with others. |
FEELINGS OF DEPRESSION,
HIGH ACHIEVERS RIGID PERFESSIONISTS HIGH EXPECTATIONS COMPARE THEMSELVES NEGATIVELY |
|
|
–About three times as many females as males ______ suicide; but about five times as many males _______.
|
ATTEMPT
SUCCEED |
|
|
Males are more likely to _____ or ______themselves while females are more likely to use _____ and overdose
|
SHOOT OR HANG
SIMPLER METHODS AND OVERDOSE |
|
|
–In adolescents, _______ or _______about another teen who has committed suicide (cluster suicides).
–________ to commit |
KNOWING OR HEARING ABOUT OTHER TEENAGE SUICIDES
(CLUSTER SUICIDES) |
|
|
Warning Signs of Suicide:
–________in eating and sleeping patterns. –Difficulty _______ on school work. –A sharp _______ in school performance and attendance. –Loss of _______in previously enjoyed activities. –Giving away prized___________. –________ to commit |
CHANGE EATING-SLEEPING
CONCENTRATION DECLINE IN PERFORMANCE LOSS OF INTEREST GIVE AWAY POSSESSIONS |
|
|
Warning Signs of Suicide:
–_____________ from social relationships. –Personality or mood _________. –Talking or writing about death or dying. –a________ of drugs or alcohol –An attempted __________. –Availability of a _________ –A ____________event |
WITHDRAWL SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
PERSONALITY CHANGE TALK ABOUT DEATH ABUSE OF DRUGS ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AVAILABILITY OF HANDGUN PRECIPITATIVE EVENT |
|
|
What Can You Do? PERSON SUICIDE ATTEMPT
|
KEEP TALKING
ENCOURAGE PERSON TO TALK BE A GOOD LISTENER SUGGEST SOMETHING OTHER THAN SUICIDE EMPHASIZE PERSONS SUICIDE WOULD BE DEVESTATING TO YOU & OTHERS |
|
|
___ how the person how they intend to commit suicide. Individuals with a concrete plan are at a greater risk.
–Suggest that the person go with you to obtain _______l help now.–Call a professional immediately Do ______ tell people threatening suicide that they are silly or crazy. |
ASK HOW
OBTAIN PROFESSIONAL HELP DO NOT TELL THEY ARE CRAZY OR SILLY |
|