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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Puberty
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The hormonal and physical changes by which children become sexually mature human beings
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Puberty rite
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A "coming of age" ritual, usually beginning at some event such as first menstruation, held in traditional cultures to celebrate children's transition to adulthood
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Secular trend in puberty
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A century-long decline in the average age at which children reach puberty in the developed world
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Menarche
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A girl's first menstruation
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Spermarche
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A boy's first ejaculation of live sperm
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Adrenal androgens
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Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that program various aspects of puberty, such as growth of body hair, skin changes, and sexual desire
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HPG axis
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The main hormonal system programming puberty; it involves a triggering hypothalamic hormone that causes the pituitary to secret its hormones, which in turn cause the ovaries and testes to develop and secrete the hormones that produce the major body changes
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Gonads
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The sex organs - the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys
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Testosterone
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The hormone responsible for the maturation of the organs of reproduction and other signs of puberty in men, and for hair and skin changes during puberty and for sexual desire in both sexes
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Primary sexual characteristics
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Physical changes of puberty that directly involve the organs of reproduction, such as the growth of the penis and the onset of menstruation
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Secondary sexual characteristics
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Physical changes of puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction
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Growth spurt
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A dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty
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Bulimia nervosa
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An eating disorder characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging (by inducing vomiting or taking laxatives) in an obsessive attempt to lose weight
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Eating disorder
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A pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. The two best-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
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Anorexia nervosa
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A potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by pathological dieting (resulting in sever weight loss and extreme thinness) and by a distorted body image
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Sexual double standard
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A cultural code that gives men greater sexual freedom than women. Specifically, society expects males to want to have intercourse and expects females to remain virgins until they marry and to be more interested in relationships than in having sex
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"Storm and Stress"
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G. Stanley Hall's phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk-taking tendencies that characterize the life stage he labeled adolescence
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Formal operational stage
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Jean Piaget's fourth and final stage of cognitive development, reached at around age 12 and characterized by teenagers' ability to reason at an abstract, scientific level
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Preconventional level of morality
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In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, the lowest level of moral reasoning, in which people approach ethical issues by considering the personal punishments or rewards of taking a particular action
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Conventional level of morality
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In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, the intermediate level of moral reasoning, in which people respond to ethical issues by considering the need to uphold social norms
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Postconventional level of morality
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In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, the highest level of moral reasoning, in which people respond to ethical issues by applying their own moral guidelines apart from society's rules
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Adolescent egocentrism
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David Elkind's term for the tendency of young teenagers to feel that their actions are at the center of everyone else's consciousness
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Imaginary audience
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David Elkind's term for the tendency of young teenagers to feel that everyone is watching their every action; a component of adolescent egocentrism
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Personal fable
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David Elkind's term for the tendency of young teenagers to believe that their lives are special and heroic; a component of adolescent egocentrism
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Experience-sampling technique
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A research procedure designed to capture moment-to-moment experiences by having a people carry pagers and take notes describing their activities and emotions whenever the signal sounds
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Nonsuicidal self-injury
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Cutting, burning, or purposely injuring one's body to cope with stress
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Adolescence-limited turnoff
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Antisocial behavior that, for most teens, is specific to adolescence and does not persist into adult life.
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Life-course difficulties
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Antisocial behavior that, for a fraction of adolescents, persists into adult life.
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Youth development program
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Any after-school program, or structured activity outside of the school day, that is devoted to promoting flourishing in teenagers
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Clique
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A small peer group composed of roughly six teenagers who have similar attitudes and who share activities
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Crowd
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A relatively large teenage peer group
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Deviancy training
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Socialization of a young teenager into delinquency through conversations centered on performing antisocial acts
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Gang
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A close-knit, delinquent peer group. Gangs form mainly under conditions of economic deprivation; they offer their members protection from harm and engage in a variety of criminal activities
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Emerging adulthood
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The phase of life that begins after high school, tapers off toward the late twenties, and is devoted to constructing an adult life
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Role
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The characteristic behavior that is expected of a person in a particular social position, such as student, parent, married person, worker, or retiree
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Cohabitation
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Sharing a household in an unmarried romantic relationship
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Nest-leaving
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Moving out of a childhood home and living independently
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