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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
stress
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process by which we perceive and respond to certain events
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stressor
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appraise as threatening or challenging
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threat provokes two things
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alarm and stress reaction
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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people tend to respond to perceived threats by first becoming alarmed, then resistant, and then exhausted
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People experience stress by 3 things
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catastrophic events, significant life changes, daily hassles
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type A personality
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anger prone, verbally aggressive, impatient
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type B personality
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relaxed, easy going
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Psychological disorders tend to be four things
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maladaptive, disturbing to others, atypical, irrational
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medical model
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believes mental illness can be cured; use prescription medications; believe cause may be chemical imbalance
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biopsychosocial
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believes mental illness can be managed; believes psychotherapy is the best treatment; believe cause may be social pressures and mental issues
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anxiety disorder
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distressing, persistent anxiety
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somatoform disorders
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disorders that can cause physiological symptoms
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the seven perspectives on disorders
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psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, neuroscience, eclectic
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psychoanalytic perspective
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disorders are caused by internal conflicts within the unconscious mind
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behavioral perspective
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views disorders as conditioned (learned) response to general environment or to specific situations
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humanistic perspective
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disorders are rooted in person’s self-concept or self esteem
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cognitive perspective
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disorders are maladjusted or improper ways of thinking
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sociocultural
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sees social/cultural issues at the heart of disorders
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neuroscience perspective
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strictly scientific; disorders are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic defects, and so on.
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eclectic
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uses combination of the above approaches to diagnose disorders depending on the individual
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post traumatic stress disorder
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after witnessing severely threatening events, one feels a sense of helplessness, fear or horror
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intern syndrome
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people see in themselves the evidence of disorders
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two types of somatoform disorders
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Hypochondriasis
Conversion disorders |
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hypochondriasis
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displays physical ailments for which physicians find no cause
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conversion disorders
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-report serious problems like blindness or paralysis for which no biological reason exists. May be caused by extreme emotional distress
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five common anxiety disorders
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder Phobias OCD Post traumatic stress |
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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unexplainably tense and uneasy
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panic disorder
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sudden episodes of intense dread
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phobias
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irrationally afraid of something
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OCD
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troubled by repetitive thoughts and actions
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mood
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internal emotional state that persists over time
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mood disorder
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mood is affected
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five common mood disorders
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Major depressive
Dysthymic- Bipolar disorder- Cyclothymic- SAD |
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major depressive
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prolonged helplessness and lethargy
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Dysthymic
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chronic low energy and poor self esteem
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bipolar
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alternates between depression and mania
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Cyclothymic
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less disabling bipolar
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SAD
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becoming sad from not enough natural light
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Cognitive triad
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people themselves, their world and their future combine to create mood disorders
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learned helplessness
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hopelessness and passive resignation and animal or human learns when unable to avoid events.
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positive psychology
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can unlearn learned helplessness
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Schizophrenia
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group of disorders characterized by delusional thinking split from reality.
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five types of schizophrenia
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Paranoid
Disorganized Catatonic Undifferentiated Residual |
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paranoid
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peroccupied with delusions
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disorganized
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speech and behavior is disorganized; may make up words
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catatonic
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immobility; parrot like repeating
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undifferentiated
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distorted thinking but reality is still present
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residual
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withdrawl after hallucinations and delusions disappear
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hallucinations
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see things that aren't there
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delusions
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false beliefs
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positive symptoms
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additions to normal behavior
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negative symptoms
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subtractions from negative behavior
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avoidant personality disorder
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Person has anxiety such as a fearful sensitivity to rejection; tends to withdraw from social interactions
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schizoid personality disorder
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Person expresses eccentric behaviors and social disengagement, but not serious enough to warrant a diagnosis of one of the actual schizophrenic disorders
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Histrionic personality disorder
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Person exhibits dramatic or impulsive behavior. Someone witnessing a person with this disorder might say, “I understand that she was upset, but such a tantrum for a 36 year old woman is pure histrionics!”
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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Person exaggerates their own importance, aided by success fantasies, and they find criticism hard to accept. They see themselves ‘as the center of the world’.
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Borderline personality disorder
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Person has an unstable identity, relationships and emotions. They may fear abandonment.
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Dependent personality disorder
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Person relies too much on others for help with daily activities.
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Antisocial personality disorder
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This is generally thought of as the most troubling and severe of the personality disorders. A person with this disorder lacks a “conscience” for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family member and is typically male; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
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amnesia
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Temporary or permanent loss of a part or all of one’s memory.
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• Dissociative identity disorder
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A rare dissociate disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. This disorder used to be referred to as “multiple personality disorder.”
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• Depersonalization disorder
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Occurs when a person feels they are not themselves. The person may, for example, feel that one’s limbs are not shaped or sized correctly. It may include a sense of being outside of one’s body. Self-awareness is extremely distorted.
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• Psychogenic Fugue
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A fugue is simply the addition to generalized amnesia of a flight from family, problem, or location; thus, people experiencing fugue are often found miles from their home or place of work. The person may create an entirely new life.
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• Autism
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childhood-deficient communication-social interaction, understanding others’ states of minds
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• ADD
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problem with development skills and paying attention
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