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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Any stimulus that automatically produces a response
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Unconditioned stimulus
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The response made to the unconditioned stimulus
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Unconditioned Response
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An occurrence that currently does not produce a response when it is presented.
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Neutral Stimulus
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A previously neutral stimulus that has now been conditioned to produce a response.
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Conditioned stimulus
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The response made to the conditioned stimulus
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Conditioned response
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Classicial conditioning is a form of learning in which an _______ is formed between one stimulus and another.
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Association
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Pavlov found that when researchers walked in with white lab coats on the dogs began to salivate even when there was no ____ present?
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Food
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Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
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Extinction
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Occurs when, after extinction, the condition stimulus is presented and the conditioned response reappears.
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Spontaneous Recovery
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Occurs when a stimulus, similar to the conditioned stimulus, elicits the conditioned response.
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Generalization
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Has occurred when the conditioned response is made only to the conditioned stimulus and not to any other similar stimuli.
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Discrimination
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We have a tendency to repeat responses that give us pleasure and avoid situations that have unpleasant consequences.
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Thorndike's Law of Effect
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Conducted research on cats in cages and rats in mazes.. trial by error learning.
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Thorndikes Law of Effect
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Stimuli that are present before a behavior occurs, and they activate the learning process.
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Antecedents
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Simply the opposite of forward conditioning.
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Backward conditioning
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A form of learning in which the consequences of behavior are manipulated in order to increase or decrease the frequency of a response or to shape an entirely new response.
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Operant Conditioning
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Refers to any pleasant or desirable consequence that, if applied after a response, increases the probability of that response occurring again.
Example: rewarding a dog with food for sitting Which type of reinforcement is this? |
Positive reinforcement
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refers to a behavior that is likely to occur again because it was followed by the termination of an aversive condition.
Example: confronting a coworker who is gossiping about you. Which type of reinforcement is this? |
Negative reinforcement
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Is anything that follows a response that decreases the probability that the response will occur again.
Example: spanking a child for fighting with their sibling. Which type of reinforcement is this? |
Punishment
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Are those that fulfill a basic physical need for survival and do not depend on learning.
Which type of Reinforcers is this? |
Primary
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Are acquired or learned by association with other reinforcers..
Example: money Which type of reinforcers is this? |
Secondary
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Learned and self-given
Example: praise Which type of reinforcers is this? |
Generalized
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A pigeon pecking a key and getting grain after every 5th response.
Which schedule of reinforcement is this? |
Fixed ratio
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Checking for your newspaper in the morning and never knowing what time it will be delivered.
which schedule of reinforcement is this> |
Variable interval
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Setting a gold star in class for every 5 minutes you are quiet.
Which schedule of reinforcement is this? |
Fixed interval
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A students grade improves for every third class assignment turned in
FR VR FI VI which one? |
Fixed ratio
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A person looking for shooting stars at night and seeing them randomly?
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Variable Interval
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An author receives a 1$ royalty for every book that sells.
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Fixed ratio
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A student rewards himself with a break after every hour of studying
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Fixed interval
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Checking the oven to see if a cake is done, never knowing how much time it will take
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Variable interval
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Putting quarters in a slot machine and never knowing when you will get quarters back
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Variable ratio
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A softball player gets a hit every third time at bat
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Fixed ratio
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Buying state lottery tickets and sometimes winning
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Variable ratio
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For every week of packing computer components, a factory worker recieves a 15$ bonus.
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Fixed interval
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Going online and checking to see if the instructor has posted the assignment she said she would post.
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Variable interval
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Albert Bandura..
Results when people observe the behavior of others and note the consequences of that behavior, thereby repeating or avoiding it themselves. Example: modeling a cooks behavior and improving upon it |
Observational Learning
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Videotaped a women aggressively beating a Bobo doll and saying "sock him in the nose!"
What did the children do after they saw this? |
They imitated her aggressive behavior.
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Wolfgang Kohler
Learning which arises in a new situation based on experience in prior unrelated situations. |
Insight Learning
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The "____" experience- is a mental process marked by the sudden and expected solution to a problem.
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"ah ha"
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