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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When multiple organisms seek the same limited resource |
competition |
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Reflects an organisms use of resources and its fundamental role in a community, including its habitat use, food consumption and other attrubutes |
fundamental niche |
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an individual that plays only part of its role or uses only some of its resources because of competition or other types of species interactions |
realized niche |
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a phenomenon resulting from competition among species in which competing evolve characteristics that better adapt them to specialize on the portion of the resource they use |
character displacement |
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the process by which individuals of one species hunt capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species |
predation |
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relationship in which one organism depends on another for nourishment or some other benefit while doing the host harm |
parasistism |
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a long-term reciprocal process in which two types of organisms repeatedly respond by natural selection to the other's adaptations |
coevolution |
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energy trophic levels |
tertiary consumers secondary consumers primary consumers producers detritivores and decomposers |
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the collective mass of living matter in a given place and time |
biomass |
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a community that remains in place with little modification until disturbance restarts the succession process |
climax community |
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a shift in which the characters of the community fundamentally change |
regime shift or phase shift |
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spreading widely and coming to dominate a community |
invasive species |
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a major regional complex of similar communities - a large-scale ecological unit recognized primarily by its dominant plant type and vegetation structure. |
biomes |
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Fertile soil environment with large leaf plants that loose their leaves each fall and remain dormant until winter |
Temperate deciduous forest |
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Less precipitation, called steppe or prairie, once widespread but now converted to mostly agricultural use |
Temperate Grassland |
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Great deal of precipitation, moisture loving bugs, used for lumber, erosion and landslides effect the fertile soil |
temperate rainforest |
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dries biome on earth, mostly bare dunes, low humidity and little vegetation, nocturnal animals |
desert |
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highly seasonal, mild wet winters and warm dry summers, small patches widely spread, consists of mostly of evergreen shrubs. |
chaparral |
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a region on one side of a mountain or mountains range that experiences arid climate |
rainshadow effect |
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the land area that funnels water to the bay through rivers |
water shed |
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population is divided and each evolve seperately |
divergent evolution |
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given enough time and similar environments, characteristics of species will be adopted by another species |
convergent evolution |
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a network of relationships among parts, elements or components that interact with and influence one another through the exchange of energy, matter or information. |
system |
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output that results from a system moving in one direction acts as input that moves the system in the other direction. a stabilizing effect |
negative feedback loop |
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increased output leads to increased input, leading to further increased output. Ex. exponential growth |
positive feedback loop
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characteristics that are not evident by breaking down the component into parts: the whole is more than the sum of the part |
emergent properties |
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the process of nutrient over-enrichment, blooms of algae, increased production of organic matter and subsequent ecosystem degradation |
eutrophication |
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consist of all the planet's organisms and the abiotic (nonliving) portions of the environment with which they interact |
biosphere |
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fixed condition: system stays in the condition |
static system |
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has a constant condition, and if disturbed, will return to that condition once the disturbance is gone |
classical system |
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A system that changes continually over time |
dynamic system |
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the steady state that all systems move towards without influence of people
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dynamic equilibrium |
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when a system maintains constant internal conditions |
homeostasis |
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precipitation that flows over land and flows into waterways |
runoff |
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the geographical area that produces pollutants that are likely to end up in a waterway |
airshed
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ecosystems focus primarily on the movement of |
matter and energy |
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the minimal entity that has the properties required to sustain life |
ecosystem |
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three things needed to evaluate an ecosystem |
nature, duration and size |
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3 measures used in biological production |
biomass energy stored carbon stored |
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benefits in humans that are provided by the planets systems |
soil formation, air purification, pollination breakdown of some pollutants and waste quality of life issues (spiritual) nutrients cycle |
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elements and compounds that are required for survival that are consumed by organisms |
nutrients |
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Macronutrients |
nutrients required in large amounts 1. carbon, 2. nitrogen 3.micro |
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biogeochemical cycle |
the movement of nutrients through ecosystems |
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where nutrients reside for varying amounts of time |
pools |
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the rate at which materials move between pools |
flux |
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a pool that releases more nutrients than it receives |
source |
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pool that receives more nutrients than it releases |
sink |
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summarizes how liquid, gaseous and solid water flows through the environment
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the water cycle |
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describes the route of carbon atoms throught the environment |
carbon cycle |
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describes the routes that phosphorous takes through the environment and can be a limiting factor for plant growth. Links with euthrophication effect |
phosphorous cycle |
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studies how interactive ecosystems effect the abundance, disturbance and interaction of organisms |
landscape ecology |
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energy transfer formula |
(Delta)E = W + Q |
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the best definition of temperature |
the property that two objects have in common when no heat is transferred between them when placed in thermal contact. |
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r-value= thickness/thermal continuity |
r-value formula |
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U.S. current per capita energy use is over |
330 million BTU's |
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heat transport by moving and mixing |
convection |
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puts limitations on the amount of usable energy that can be transferred. the amount of energy output will always be less than the input |
2nd law of thermal dynamics
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