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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Stratification
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A system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy
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Social mobility
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Changes in people’s position within the system of social stratification
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Objective Method
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Method of measuring social class where categories derived statistically from income, education, prestige, etc.
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Self-Placement Method
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Method of measuring social class where is subjective… ask people what class they feel they belong to
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Reputational Method
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Method of measuring social class where you ask others to classify individuals
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Sex
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The division of humanity into biological categories of male and female (XX vs. XY)
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Gender
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The sociocultural distinction between males and females
Culturally learned differences |
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Gender Roles
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Sets of cultural expectations that define the ways men and women should behave
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Gender Identity
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Our conceptions we have of ourselves as being a man or woman
Emerges through social interactions |
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Sexism
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A set of cultural and social processes that justify and promote disadvantage for women
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Patriarchy
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A system of social organization in which men have a disproportionate share of power
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Glass Ceiling
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An invisible but impenetrable barrier to the upper levels of management
Found mainly in fields where males dominate workforce |
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Glass Escalator
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An invisible fast track taking men further up than the intended to go in female dominated occupations
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Race
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A group of people who see themselves and are seen by others as having hereditary traits that set them apart
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Ethnicity
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A cultural heritage shared by a category of people
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Race-ethnicity
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Common measure used to classify individuals into groups
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Distinctive Identity
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Physical or cultural traits that distinguish it from the dominant group
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Subordination
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Part of the social stratification system
Lack power relative to dominant group |
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Endogamy
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Marrying within one’s social category
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Prejudice
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Attitudes of aversion or hostility toward a group’s members
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Discrimination
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Arbitrary denial of privilege, prestige, and power to members of a minority group whose qualifications are equal to those of the dominant group
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Institutional Discrimination
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Patterns of discrimination that are woven into the fabric of society
Equal opportunities does not mean equal outcome |
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Assimilation
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Process by which minorities gradually adopt the patterns of the dominant culture
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Acculturation
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When one groups culture becomes more like that of another groups
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Integration
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Members of different groups participate together in major social institutions (ex: school)
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Amalgamation
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Marriage across groups and merging of ethnic identities
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Pluralism
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A situation in which diverse groups coexist and boundaries between them are maintained
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Equalitarian Pluralism
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Minority groups wish to retain their own values and customs – they may not want to assimilate
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Inequalitarian Pluralism
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Dominant group maintains its power over minority groups
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Absolute poverty
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Uses the official poverty definition
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Relative poverty
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Not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living
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The Sick role
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Set of cultural expectations that define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior for people with a disease or health problem
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