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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Civil Religion is:
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Sacred beliefs that become so commonplace that they become part of the national culture
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The second largest religion in the world and in the United States is:
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Islam
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Which of the following statements is NOT one that reflects Durkheim's thoughts about religion?
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Because of tensions between religious groups in pluralistic societies, religion undermines social unity
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Which of the following features was NOT part of the social context for early nineteenth-century America, a time when religious faiths were becoming networks for social change?
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Strong national institutions
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Hereditary monarchies, where the crown passes down through a single family, are an example of:
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Traditional Authority
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The model that explains the emergence of a social movement that is a collective response to a structural strain that has a psychological effect on individuals is:
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Classical theory
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What is Keynesian economics and how is it supposed to work?
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economy goes in cycles and when it gets the lowest that when you boost the economy (macroeconomic theory)
government intervention in the form of social expenditures could pull the economy out of a recession by stimulating demand for products and services. |
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Americans are ____ likely to have religious beliefs and ____ likely to be affiliated with a religious institution
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More; More
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Attendance at religious services has ____ in the United States since the 1960s, and the number of people who say they have religious beliefs or a strong sense of spirituality has____.
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Declined; held steadily or risen
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Sociologists tend to study the relationship
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between religions and other aspects of society
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Examining the meaning and uses of religion in people's everyday lives is part of a _____ approach to the subject.
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Microsociological
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Max Weber argued that the development of ____ was closely intertwined with the beliefs and values of the ____.
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Capitalism; protestant church
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The idea that religion sustains social unity by strengthening the collective conscience is an example of a ______ analysis of religion.
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Functionalist....Durkheim
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The argument that religion is used to perpetuate inequalities has its roots in which theoretical approach to studying religion?
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Conflict....Marx
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According to _____, collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place.
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Convergence Theory
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Which of the following is a criticism of contagion theory?
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It downplays individual agency
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A social movement is?
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Collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized
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Collective action emphasizes leaders promoting particular social norms:
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Emergent Norm Theory
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How religious are Americans and how often do they participate:
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Religious but few participate in their religion
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What type of education do radical leaders have:
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Higher education: secular universities
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Church membership is rising while church attendance is:
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Declining
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How often do Americans go to church:
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Once a month
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Redemptive social movements:
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Target specific groups and advocate for radical changes in behavior
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Talcott Parson:
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Functionalist
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Functionalist theory of modern state:
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The state organizes society for the benefit of individuals and groups
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Marxian theory of modern state:
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States evolve as social stratification grows to protect the economically privileged
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Circumscription theory in a modern state:
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A demographic and ecological interpretation of state formation
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Welfare state:
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System in which the state is responsible for the well-being of its citizens. Justification by citizenship rights, civil rights, political rights, social rights.
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Characteristics of modern states
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Has monopoly over the use of force in a geographic area
The significance of kinship ties for the formation of the state is reduced Develops elaborate ideologies that turn the “rule of might” to the “rule of right.” Ideologies vs. propaganda States are not redistributive, one direction towards the state |
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Characteristics of a Bureaucracy
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impersonal rules, hierarchy, specialization, efficiency, promotions are based on achievements (MERITOCRACY)
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Pristine States:
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The first original states of Mesopotamia and Egypt (6000-5000 B.C.E.), and China, India, Mexico, and Peru.
Began as THEOCRACIES (states controlled by religious elites…). Evolved into militaristic conquest states. |
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Secondary States
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Evolve as a result of PRISTINE STATES.
They either evolve in reaction to pristine states or, They are built from the infrastructure of a prior state |
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Charismatic authority
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Power through personality (Presidents)
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Rational legal authority
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Based on the law (police officers)
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Reformative social movement:
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Limited social movement targeting an entire society
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Revolutionary social movement:
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Radical change targeting an ENTIRE society
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