Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the axial skeleton? How many bones? |
Includes bones of skull, ossicles, hyoid, vertebral column, & thoracic cage; 80 bones |
|
What is the appendicular skeleton? How many bones? |
Includes bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, hip bone, and lower limbs; 126 bones |
|
How many bones are in the adult body? |
206 |
|
What are the four main bone types? |
Short, Long, Flat, and Irregular |
|
What is the function and an example of a short bone? |
Glide across each other to allow flexibility; carpal and tarsal bones
|
|
What is the function and an example of long bones? |
Serve as rigid levers for movement; humerus, radius and ulna |
|
What is the function and an example of flat bones? |
Enclose and protect soft organs; Cranial bones, ribs, sternum, and scapula |
|
What is the function and an example of irregular bones? |
Don't fit into any other bone category; vertebrae, sphenoid, and ethmoid |
|
What are sutural (Wormian) bones? Give an example. |
Extra bones in the skull found in suture lines |
|
What are sesamoid bones? Give an example. |
Bones that form within tendons due to stress; patella |
|
What are the vertebrae from head to coccyx? How many of each? |
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused into 1) coccygeal (4 fused into 1) |
|
What are the primary curvatures of the adult spine? And how do they curve? |
Thoracic curvature, concave anteriorly; pelvic curvature, concave anteriorly
|
|
What are the secondary curvatures of the adult spine? and how do they curve? |
Cervical curvature, concave posteriorly; lumbar curvature, concave posteriorly |
|
What spine curvatures are present in fetus and newborns? |
Primary; Thoracic and Pelvic |
|
What are the functions of the spine? |
Supports the skull and trunk, allows for head and trunk movement, protects spinal cord, and absorbs shock/stress |
|
What is scoliosis? |
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
|
What is kyphosis? |
An excessive anterior curvature of the spine; normally in thoracic vertebrae |
|
What is lordosis? |
An excessive posterior curvature of the spine; normally in lumbar vertebrae |
|
What are the general features of a typical vertebrae? |
Body, processes (spinous, transverse, superior articular, inferior articular), vertebral foramen, and vertebral arch (lamina, pedicle) |
|
What are vertebral foramen? What passes through them? |
Holes in vertebrae; spinal cord passes through |
|
What are intervertebral foramen? What passes through them? |
Formed when two vertebrae are joined; allow for spinal nerves to leave spinal cord |
|
What structures form the intervertebral foramen? |
Notches of pedicles and bodies of vertebrae |
|
Describe the parts of an intervertebral disc. |
Two parts: nucleus pulposus (gelatinous middle that absorbs shock) and the anulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage ring around the nucleus pulposus that allows attachment between vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs) |
|
Describe a herniated disc. |
Occurs when there is a crack in anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus oozes out of disc and may cause pressure on the spinal cord causing pain |
|
Where do you find the first and last intervertebral discs? |
C2-3 and L5-Sacral |
|
List the bones of the pectoral girdle. What is the function of the pectoral girdle? |
2 clavicles and 2 scapula; designed to maximize range of manipulation and movement |
|
List the bones of the pelvic girdle. What is the function of the pelvic girdle? |
2 coxal (hip bones); designed for weight-bearing and locomotion |
|
What bones form the coxal bone? |
Ilium, ischium, and pubis |
|
List the structures that form the pelvis. |
Pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx |
|
List the arches of the feet. What are the function of these arches? |
Lateral longitudinal arch, medial longitudinal arch, and transverse arch; distribute body weight and absorb shock |
|
List the bones of the skull. |
Cranial: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, & ethmoid; Facial: maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal concha, & mandible |
|
List the auditory ossicles. |
Malleus, Incus, and Stapes |
|
List the bones of the thoracic cage. |
Ribs & sternum |
|
List the upper limb bones. |
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges |
|
List the lower limb bones. |
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges |
|
Canal |
Tubular passage or tunnel in a bone |
|
Condyle |
Rounded knob |
|
Crest |
Narrow ridge |
|
Epicondyle |
Flare superior to a condyle |
|
Facet |
Smooth joint surface that is flat or only slightly concave or convex |
|
Fissure |
Slit through a bone |
|
Foramen |
Hole through a bone, usually round |
|
Fossa |
Shallow, broad, or elongated basin |
|
Line (linea) |
Raised, elongated ridge |
|
Meatus |
Canal |
|
Process |
Bony prominence |
|
Protuberance |
Bony outgrowth or protruding part |
|
Sinus |
Cavity within a bone |
|
Spine |
Sharp, slender, or narrow process |
|
Sulcus |
Groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel |
|
Tubercle |
Small, rounded process |
|
Tuberosity |
Rough surface |
|
Describe two differences between a male and female pelvis. |
Pelvic inlet of female is round or oval shaped and male is heart-shaped. The subpubic angle of a female is wider, normally greater than 100 degrees while a male is narrower, normally less than 90 degrees. |