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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the most common site of disease in the urinary tract?
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Bladder
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What are the histological layers of the urinary tract?
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Inside to outside:
Uroepithelium Lamina propria Muscularis propria Perivesicle fat |
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What kind of epithelium is foundin the ureoepithelium?
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Transitional
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What are the components of the lamina propria?
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Storma
Muscularis mucosae |
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What is anothername for the muscularis propria?
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Detrusor muscle
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What makes a cancer of the urinary tract invasive?
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Invasion through the basement membrane
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What are various causes of bladder inflammation?
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Bacterial: Gram -'s; 85%
Viral, fungal Parasitic: SCHISTO! Radiation |
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What commonly precedes upper urinary tract infections?
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Cystitis
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What is interstitial cystitis? Who commonly gets it?
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Persistent, painful chronic cystitis
Women |
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What is a benign proliferative lesion of the bladder? What does it look like?
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von Brunn's nest
Uroepithelium within the lamina propria |
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What is cystitis cystica?
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Cystic change within von Brunn's nests
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What is the most common cause of benign prolierative lesions, Brunn's nests, and cystitis cystica?
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Inflammation
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What is metaplasia of the bladder? What causes it?
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Transition of uroepithelium to a different kind of epithelium
Inflammation |
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What are the different types of metaplasia that occur in the bladder?
Which is the rarest? |
Squamous
Gladular Nephrogenic: rarest |
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If someone has gross, painless hematuria, what should you do?
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WORK THEM UP!
YOU CANNOT MISS THIS. |
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What is the most common bladder/urinary tract tumor?
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Urothelial carcinoma
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What chemicals are extremely correlated with urothelial carcinoma? What industries commonly use these?
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2-napthylamine
Benzidine Textiles Dye Rubber |
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What is the effect of tobacco exposure and exposure to urothelial carcongens?
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Synergistic
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What popuations are at high risk for urothelial carcinoma?
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Non-hispanic white males
Not asians |
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How do people with urothelial carcinoma present/
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Hematuria!
Dysuria |
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What are the different kinds of urothelial carcinoma?
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Papillary
Flat |
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What is the definition of urothelial carcinoma in situ?
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Noninvasive
High grade Flat |
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What is the effect of nontreatment of CIS?
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Invasive cancer within 5 years
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If a papillary urocarcinoma is low grade, what is the likelihood that it invades the surrounding tissue?
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Low chance!
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What is the architecture of papillary urothelial carcinomas?
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They've got a papillary architecture
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What is the likelihood of recurrence of papillary carcinomas?
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They recur all the time: most expensive tumor to have, almost, because they come back with such high frequency
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What is the staging system for urothelial carcinomas?
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Stage 1: into the lamina propria
Stage 2:into the muclea propria Stage 3:past the muscle into the fat Stage 4: invading other places in the body |
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What differentiates a superficial s. a invasive bladder carcinoma?
Why is the distinction important? |
Superfiical: inside the detrusor
Invasive: past the detrusor You treat it differently if there's invasion. Superficial: intravesicle treatment: take them out, still, but that's it Invasive: radical cystectomy with/without chemo |
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If someone has traveled to the middle east and develops bladder problems, obscure cause should come to mind?
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Schistosoma hematobium
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What is a rare cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?
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Schistosomoma hematobium
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