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221 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lactose formers
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1. CEEK 2. Citrobacter 3. Enterobacter 4. E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) 5. Klebsiella
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Non lactose formers
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6. SHYPS 7. Shigella 8. Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) 9. Proteus 10. Salmonella
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May lack color
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11. These rascals may microscopically lack color:
12. Treponema 13. Ricksetta 14. Mycobacterium 15. Mycoplasma 16. Legionella 17. Chlamydia |
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↑ cAMP
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18. CAPE 19. Cholera 20. Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) 21. Pertusis (via Gi) 22. E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
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Have Capsules [ie
are Quellung Reaction (+)]
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23. Some killers have pretty nice capsules 24. Strep. Pneumoniae 25. Klebsiella 26. HiB 27. Pseudamona Aeroginosa 28. Neisseria meningitis 29. Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
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Dimorphic Fungi
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30. Can Also Have Both Shapes 31. Cocciodes 32. Aspergillus 33. Histolpasma 34. Blastomyces 35. Sprothrix schenkii
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Have β Prophage
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36. OBED 37. O = Salmonella 38. B = Botulinum 39. E = Erythrogenic strep 40. D = Diptheria
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Spore Forming Bacteria
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41. Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
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IgA Proteases
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42. Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
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Widal Test
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43. Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags
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Waysons Stain
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44. Yersinia
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Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
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45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
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Splenectomy
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46. Predisposes to septicemia
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Invasins
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47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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Fusiform
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48. Vincent’s trench mouth
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S. viridans
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49. Dextran mediated adherence
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Obligate Aerobes
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50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
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Obligate Anaerobes
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51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
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Staph aureus
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52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
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Spirochetes
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53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
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Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
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54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
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Acid Fast Organisms
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55. Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
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Pigment Producing Bacteria
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56. Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis) 57. Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green 58. Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A 59. Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange 60. Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat 61. Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme) 62. E. coli – irredescent green sheen
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Bacterial Morphology
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63. Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
64. Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci 65. Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas 66. Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped 67. Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod) 68. Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain |
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Inclusion Bodies
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69. Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic 70. Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic 71. CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear 72. HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear
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Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
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73. Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
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Schistosoma Haematolium
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74. Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
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Non Human Schistosom
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75. Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
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Clonorchichis
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76. Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Hepatica
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77. Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Biski
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78. Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Paragonimus Westermani
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79. Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Oxidase (+)
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80. Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
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Micro Aerophilic
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81. Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
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Urease (+)
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82. All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4 -Mg2- stones): alkaline urine 83. Ureaplasma 84. Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) 85. Cryptococcus 86. Nocardia
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Coagulase (+)
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87. Staph A & Yersenia pestis
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Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
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88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
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Protozoa
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89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
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90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
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Haemophilus Factors
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91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
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All cocci are
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92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
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“Eaton Fried Eggs”
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93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
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Mycoplasma
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94. No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria. 95. P1 protein inhs ciliary action 96. Fried egg colonies 97. Atypical pneumonia – young adults
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Sabrands
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98. Fungal media
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Malassazia furfur
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99. Spaghetti & meat ball
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Measles 3Cs
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100. Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia 101. May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
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Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
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102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
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Bloody diarrhea agents
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103. EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni
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YW-135CA
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104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
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Indian Ink
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105. Cryptococcus neoformans
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Naegleria causes
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106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
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Need Cysyeine for growth
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107. “Ella likes cysteine”: 108. Francisella 109. Brucella 110. Legionella 111. Pasturella
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Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
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112. Gram (-): N. meningitidis
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Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
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113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
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Endospores G(+)
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114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
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Multi Brain Abscess
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115. Nocardia
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Single Brain Abscess
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116. Actinomyces israelli
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increases risk for Strep pneum Infection
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117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
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α Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
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118. Strep. Pneumoniae
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α Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
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119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
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Staph. Epidermidis
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121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
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β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
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122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) 123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
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β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
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124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
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EFII Ribosylation
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125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
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Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins (work via adenylate cyclase)
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126. Protective Antigen (PA) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 128. Edema Factor = increases cAMP
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Woolsorter’s Disease
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129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
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Grows in Rice
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130. Bacillus Cereus
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Clostridium Perfringens
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131. Double Zone β Hemolysis (test) 132. Lecithinase: α toxin = lyses RBCs 133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
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Clostridium Difficile
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134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin) |
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Spastic Paralysis toxin
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136. Clostridium Tetani toxin
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Clostridium Botulinum
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137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
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Infant Botulinum
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138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
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Thayer Martin Agar
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139. Neisseria ID
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DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
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140. Ceftriazone
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K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
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141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis
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The A’s of Klebsiella
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142. Alcoholics 143. Aspiration pneumonia 144. Abscesses in the lungs
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Rice H2O Diarrhea
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145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
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Raw seafood intoxicaiton
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146. Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Helicobacter Txt
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147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
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increases risk of P. aeroginosa infection
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148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
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Contact lens’ infection
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149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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Cat Bites
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150. Pasteurella multocida
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Undulant Fever
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151. Brucella
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Bordet Gengou Agar
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152. Bordetella pertusis ID
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Lowenstein-Jensen medium
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153. M. tuberculosis ID
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Cat Scratch Disease
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154. Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma. 155. Toxoplasmosis
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Pink Eye
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156. Adenovirus (type 8)
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True Hemaphrodite
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157. Testes & Ovaries are present
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Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
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Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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159. Testicular Feminization
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HLA Genes Location
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160. 6p
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Parvovirus B19
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161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
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Interferon MOA
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162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
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Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
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Parainfluenza Causes…
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164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
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165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
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RSV
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166. Bronchiolitis in infants
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Removed tonsils, find what virus
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167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
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Bone Fever
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168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
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HbsAg
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169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness 170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
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HbeAg
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171. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease 172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone
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Anti-Hbc
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173. Present in beginning of clinical illness 174. Seen in the “window phase”
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Filamentous Bacteria
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175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
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Listeria contaminates
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176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
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Shiga like Toxin
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177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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178. Group A Streptococci
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Relapsing Fever
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179. Borrelia recurrentis
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Loffler’s Medium
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180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae
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Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle
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181. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell 182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells 183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions 184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid
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Trench Fever
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185. Rochalimaea quintana
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“Spotted Fever” Members
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186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S. 187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
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Thrush Txt
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188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
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Rose Bush Thorns
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189. Have Sporothrix schenckii
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Contact lens solution infection
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190. Acanthamoeba
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Causes Filiariasis
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191. Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
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Freshwater lake infection
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192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
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Reduviid bug bite
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193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign (acute stage, bilateral periorbital puffiness)
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Schistosoma Haematobium causes
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194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
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Schistosoma Mansoni causes
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195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
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Snail, intermediate host of…
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196. Schistosomiasis
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Ixodes scapularis transmits
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197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
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Nantucket Protozoa
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198. Babesia microt
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Infection by Reduviid Bug
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199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
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Infection by TseTse Fly
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200. Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
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Infection by Sandfly
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201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
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Infection by Ixodes Tick
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202. Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
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Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
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203. Malaria
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Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance
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204. Giardia lamblia
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Nonseptate Hyphae
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205. Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
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Histoplasmosis Geography
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206. Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
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Coocidioidomycosis Geography
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207. Southwestern deserts, California
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Blastomycosis Geography
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208. States east of Mississippi River
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Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
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209. Latin America
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Roseola Infection, aka
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210. Exanthema Subitum: Sixth Disease (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
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Herpangina
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211. Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
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Orthomyxovirus
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212. ssRNA, enveloped virus. 213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation 214. Influenza A & B
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Paramyxovirus
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215. RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids 216. Mumps 217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus) 218. Rubeola(Measles virus) 219. RSV
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Togavirus
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220. +ssRNA, enveloped 221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus 222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis
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Flaviviris
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223. Dengue Fever icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit 224. Yellow fever 225. St. Louis Encephalitis no hepatitis or hemorrhage
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Bunyavirus
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226. ssRNA, enveloped 227. California Encephalitis severe bifrontal headaches 228. Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome
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IgA Protease Activity
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229. H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth) 230. Strep. Pneumoniae 231. N. meningitidis 232. N. gonnorhoae 233. W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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234. Adenopathy 235. β Prophage encodes the exotoxin 236. Corneybacteria is Club shaped 237. Diphtheria 238. Elongation Factor II 239. Granules (metachromatic)
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Only ssDNA
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240. Parvovirus: Part of a virus
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Only dsRNA
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241. Reovirus, RepeatOvirus
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Naked RNA
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242. Naked for CPR: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
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2 circular DNAs
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243. Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
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BK
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244. Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
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Hepadna, Retrovirus?
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245. No, but has reverse transcriptase
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Picornovirus: PERCH
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246. Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
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Hemorrhagic Fevers
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247. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
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Segmented viruses
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248. All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo
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Eclipse Phase
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249. No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell
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Latent Phase
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250. No external virus. Extracellular virus found
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Naked Capsid Virus
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251. Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins
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Enveloped Virus
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252. Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein
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Interferon
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253. Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth
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AIDS structural prots
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254. Gag, pol, env
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AIDS regulatory prots
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255. Tat, rev, nef
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AIDS gp41 env prot
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256. Transmembrane
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AIDS gp120 env prot
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257. Surface
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AIDS p17 gag prot
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258. Matrix
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AIDS p24 gag prot
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259. Capsid
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AIDS p7p9 gag prot
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260. Nucleocapsid
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DNA Viruses
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261. Parvo's Papa Adds Her Poxes to Hepa's - Parvo, Papova, Adeno, Herpes, Pox, Hepadna
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(+) RNA Viruses
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262. C = Calici P = Picorno R = Reo F = Flavi T = Toga C = Corona
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(-) RNA Viruses
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263. F = Filo O = Orthomyxo R = Rhabdo P = Paramyxo A = Arena B = Bunya
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Hepatitis Window Period
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264. After HbsAg disappears & Before HbsAb appears
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HAV
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265. Picorna
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HBV
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266. Hepadna
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HCV
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267. Flavi
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HDV
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268. Delta
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HEV
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269. Calici
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Downey Type II cells
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270. EBV
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Infection by Aedes Mosquito
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271. Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever
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“Hot T-Bone stEAk”: ILs
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272. IL1 = increases Temp: HOT IL2 = stimulate T cells IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells’ growth & differentiation (GM CSF) IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG) IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)
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ILs Secreted by CD4s
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273. IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma
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ILs Secreted by Macrophages
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274. IL1 & TNF α
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C5a
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275. Neutral chemotaxis. When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis
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C5 Convertase
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276. When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a ‚ C5 Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b ‚ C5
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Only Richettssia not Intracellular
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277. Quintana
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Plasmodium Life Cycle
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Sporozoites: from blood to liver Primary tissue schizont Trophozoites: in RBC Erythrocytic schizont Merozoite: ruptured RBC Gametozyte Zygote: inside the mosquito
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Acanthamoeba
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278. Star shaped cysts
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Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
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279. Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos
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Cryptococcus Neoformans
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280. Monomorphic
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Candida
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281. Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections
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Aspergillus Fumigatum
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282. 45 degree branching point, asoc’d w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt
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Cocciodes
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283. Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores
|
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Histoplasma Cap
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284. Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue it’s a yeast w/ a small neck.
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Blastomycosis
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285. Hyphae in wild
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Sporothrix Schenkii
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286. Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.
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PCP
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287. Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass
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Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins (3)
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288. E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis
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Dermatophytes
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289. Trichophyton: SHN Microsporium: SH Epidermophyton: SN Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
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E. Histolitica
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290. Cysts, Trophozoites or cysts in stool
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Giardia
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291. Cysts, Trophozoites or cysts in stool
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Cryptosporidium
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292. Cysts, Acid fast oocysts
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Balantium C.
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293. Cysts, Trophozoites or cysts in stool
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Trichomonas V.
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294. Trophozoites, Motile trophozoites
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Vivax
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295. Fever Benign 3 degrees , Spike 48h, Enlarged host cell
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Ovale
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296. Fever Benign 3 degrees , Spike 48h, Oval/Jagged
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Malariae
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297. Fever 4 degrees of Malarial, 72h regular, Crescent
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Falciparum
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298. Malignant 3 degrees
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IL 1
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299. Monocytes, macrophages - Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton
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IL 2
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300. Macrophages, T & NK cells - Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell
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IL 3
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301. T cells - GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells
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IL 4
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302. T cells - increases growth of B & T cells/ increases HLA II Ags
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IL 5
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303. T cells - Maturation of B ‚ plasma cell
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IL 6
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304. T cells, monocytes - Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts
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IFN α
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305. B cells, macrophages - Antiviral activity
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IFN β
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306. Fibroblasts - Antiviral activity
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IFN gamma
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307. T & NK cells - Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, increases HLA II Ags
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TNF α
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308. Macrophages, T & NK cells - T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity
|
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TNF β
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309. T cells - T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity
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Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm
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310. Pox
|
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Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus:
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311. Influenza
|
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Only protein capsule
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312. Bacillus anthracis
|
|
Elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
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313. Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough)
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Lacks a capsule and prominent nucleoi but when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii
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314. Cryptococcus neoformans
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Weil Felix reaction +
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315. (+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis
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Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests:
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316. 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test most expensive but the Gold Standard)
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