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271 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Treatment for Acute Mania
|
(Litium or Valproic acid or Carbamazepine) + Olazapine
|
|
Teratogenic effects of Valproic Acid
|
Neural Tube defects
- spina bifida - meningocele |
|
Why Valproic acid causes neural tube effect?
|
Because it inhibits intestinal folic acid absoption
|
|
Teratogenic effect of Litium
|
Cardiovascular
- Ebstein's anormaly |
|
Basal Long acting insulin
|
1- NPH
|
|
Basal long acting insulin (2)
|
1- NPH
twice daily 12-18 hr 2- Glargine one daily 24 hr |
|
Short acting insulin (3)
|
1- Regular
2-3 hr tx for: DKA 2-Lispro, Aspart 30-90 min post-meal hyperglycemia |
|
Most common side effect of BUPROPION
|
seizures
|
|
drugs that may cause seizures
|
1- Bupropion
2- Izoniazid (anti- tuberculosis) 3- Imiperen (antibiotic) |
|
MOA of indinavir
|
Protease inhibitor
|
|
Side effects of indinavir
|
lypodystrophy
hyperglycemia inhibition of CYT P450 Neprotoxicity neprolithiasis |
|
What is the use of TMP-SMX in a HIV pt?
|
Prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii
|
|
Zolpedem
|
Short acting hypnotic medication chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines
|
|
Clinical use of Zolpedem?
|
short term treatment of insomnia
|
|
Tx of septic arthritis caused by Gonococcus?
|
Ceftriazone
|
|
Pioglitazone
what monitoring test you have to do? |
Liver Function test
|
|
Side effect of Hydralazine, Procaimide
|
Systemic Lupus Like syndrome= slow acetylators
|
|
Statins
Side effects |
hepatotoxicity
myopathy |
|
You want to switch a Phenilzine treatment to Sertraline, how may weeks you must wait to begin Sertraline treatment?
|
2 weeks
|
|
why you have to wait 2 weeks to change treatment from MAO inhibitor to SSRI?
|
Phenelzine is a MAO inhibitor= Ser, NORE, DOPA
Sertraline is a SSRI= Ser Co administration can cause Serotonin Syndrome |
|
MAO of Verapamil
|
Blocks SA and AV node calcium channels
- slows phase 0 deporalization decr rate of SA node firing decr SA node conduction |
|
Do not mix Diazepam with?
|
First generation Antihistaminines Ex: Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine
|
|
Why you do not mix Diazepam with antihistaminine?
|
Sedation
|
|
Tx for Rheumatoid arthritis
|
Chronic: Glucocorticoids
- quick relief - short term tx Acute: NSAIDs |
|
Tx for Giardia lamblia?
|
Metronidazole
|
|
Wilson's Disease tx?
|
Penincillamine- removes excess copper
|
|
Hemocromatosis tx?
|
Deferoxamine
|
|
Rituximab
|
monoclonal antibody used in lymphoma immunotherapy targets CD20
|
|
Cilostozol
|
inhibits platelet aggregation
vasodilatation |
|
Effect of Beta blockers in renin
|
inhibits renin release
|
|
Hydroxyurea
|
Increases HbF synthesis= protection againts polymerization of sickle cells
|
|
Thyroid peroxidase
|
Catalizes iodine oxidation
|
|
Simvastatin
|
decrease LDL
decrease TGs increase HDL |
|
MOA of pioglitazone
|
Thiazolidinediones
↓ blood glucose levels by improving the target cell response to insulin |
|
How pioglitazone works on target cell?
|
Transcription modulation
|
|
MAO of Aspirin
|
IRREVERSIBILY inhibits COX 1 and COX 2
|
|
Clinical use of Aspirin
|
↓ platelet aggregation (<300 mg/day)
antipyretic and analgesic(300-2400 mg/day) anti-inflammatory (>2400 mg/day) |
|
Cinical use of Reserpine
|
↓ BP
|
|
Side effects of Reserpine
|
Depression and suicidal ideation= due to NORE and SER depletion
PUD |
|
MOA of Reserpine
|
Blocks the storage of adrenergic mediator in presynaptic neuron
|
|
Tx for Toxoplasmosis?
|
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
|
|
Tx for CMV?
|
GANCICLOVIR
|
|
Tx for Listeria?
|
Ampicillin
|
|
Tx for Crytococcus neoformans?
|
Amphotericin
|
|
Which nitrates has 100% of bioavailability?
|
Isosorbide mononitrate
|
|
Risperidone
|
Atypical antipsycotic
|
|
Clinical use of Warfarin
|
Long term anticuagulation
1- prevent venous thrombosis 2- prevent resultant pulmonary embolism |
|
MOA of Warfarin
|
inhibits vit K dependent carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of clotting factor 2, 7, 9, 10
|
|
Clinical use of Heparin
|
Acute management of venous thrombosis or thromboembolism
|
|
MOA of Acarbose
|
inhibitor of α- glucoside
↓activity of the membrane bound disaccharide on the intestine brush border |
|
Side Effects of Acarbose
|
Flatulence
GI bleeding Abdominal pain Rash |
|
MOA of Etoposide
|
inhibits Topoisomerase II→ chromosomal breaks to accumulate → cell death
|
|
Clinical uses of Etoposide
|
Testicular CA
Small cell lung CA |
|
MOA of milrinone
|
inhibitor of phosphodiesterase → ↑CAMP
1- ↑Ca in cardiac myocytes 2- vasodilation in smooth muscle |
|
What drug is resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase?
|
Cladribine
|
|
DOC for hairy cell leukemia
|
Cladribine
|
|
Characteristic for High hepatic clerance
|
high lipophilicity= poorly eliminate through kidneys
|
|
Intracellular consequence of nitroglycerin
|
myosin dephosphorylation
|
|
Side effect of Propylthiouracil
|
Agranulocytosis
|
|
Side effect of methimazole
|
Teratogen
|
|
MOA of finastride
|
inhibits 5α- reductase
decreases peripheral androgen reduction |
|
Prevention for the increase of myocardial O2 demand due to nitrates use
|
Metroprolol
|
|
Esmolol
|
Beta blocker
increases PR interval |
|
which vessel is more succeptible to nitroglycerin?
|
Large veins
|
|
Cholestyramine
|
Bile acid resins= binds negative charged bile acids in the SI → insolubles complexes→feces
|
|
Side effect of bile acid resins
|
incr TGs
GI discomfort Gritty taste impide absorption of fat soluble vitamins |
|
Warfarin overdose tx?
|
Fresh frozen plasma (rapid)
Vit K |
|
Ciplastin toxicity?
|
Nephrotoxicity
|
|
Prevention of nephrotoxicity due to Ciplastin use
|
Amifostine
|
|
Metrotrexate overdose tx?
|
Leucovorin
|
|
Methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
|
Fomepizole
|
|
Doxorubicin cardiotocity tx?
|
Dexrazoxane
|
|
Colecoxib
|
selective COX 2 inhibitor
|
|
Can Colecoxib impair platelet function?
|
NO
|
|
tPA
|
Stimulates plasminogen→ plasmin
|
|
At the begining of tPA tx, what side effect can be observed?
|
Reperfusion Arrhythmias on arterial re-opening
|
|
Agatroban
|
direct thrombin inhibitor
|
|
clinical uses of agatroban?
|
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
|
|
Closes PDA
|
INDOMENTACIN
|
|
Keeps open PDA
|
PGE2
|
|
Tx for HTN that have minimal effect on AV conduction?
|
Nifedipine
|
|
Co administration of Erythromicin and statin cause...
|
Myopathy
|
|
Methilin resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermis
|
Vancomycin + rifampin
|
|
Enoxapin
|
low molecular weight heparin
|
|
Clinical use of Enoxapin
|
↓ in death and recurrent MI
|
|
MOA of Heparin
|
Binds to antithrombin III
|
|
MOA of Etarnacept
|
TNF-α inhibitor
|
|
Clinical uses of Etarnacept
|
Rheumatic Arthritis that do not respond to methothrexate tx
|
|
Side effect of Etarnacept
|
Reactivation of latent tuberculosis
|
|
MOA of Ergonovine
|
Ergot alkaloid
=constricts vascular smooth muscle by stimulating α- adrenergic receptor and serotonergic receptors |
|
Use of low doses of Ergonovine can cause...
|
Prizmental's angina
- chest pain at rest - ST elevation |
|
How benzodiazepines increases GABA action?
|
Binding to GABA receptor and stimulating the influx of Cl ions into neurons
|
|
Clinical use of Cilostozol?
|
Interminet Claudication
|
|
Nitroglycerin
|
↓ cardiac preload= ↓ Left ventricular diastolic volumen
↓ cardiac work ↓ myocardial O2 demand |
|
Side effects of Thiazides
|
HyperGLUC= hyperglycemia, hyperlypidemia, hyperuremia, hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia= hypotention HypoKalemia |
|
Common side effect of Metformin
|
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
|
|
Phentolamine
|
α- receptor blocker= vasodilation
prevents local tissue necrosis produced by NORE leak |
|
Drugs that ↓LDL
|
1- STATINS
2- Ezetimibe |
|
drugs that ↓ TGs
|
1- Fibrate
2- Niacin |
|
drug that has the most ↑ HDL
|
NIACIN
|
|
Side effects of Ace inhibitors
|
CAPTOPRIL
cough angioedema protenuria taste changes hypO tention pregnancy problems rash increases renin low angiotensin II |
|
Side effect of Spinolactone
|
Gynecomastia
hypekalemia |
|
Side effect of Niacins
|
Flushing
|
|
Carvediol
|
Beta blocker= ↓ CHF mortality
|
|
Amiloride can not be mix with?
|
ACE inhibitors= cause hyperkalemia
|
|
Adrenal crisis tx?
|
Corticosteroids
|
|
Propanolol and hypoglycemia?
|
mask adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia
|
|
Proptosis tx?
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
What can cause a co admistration of ACE inhibitors and thiazide or loops diuretics?
|
First dose hypotension
2dary hyponatremia due to diuretics tx |
|
Can ACE inhibitor be use in renal artey stenosis?
|
NO
|
|
Co administration of Verapamil with Beta adrenergic can cause..(2 SE)
|
Sinus Bradycardia
Hypotension |
|
What are the 2 metabolites formed from Primidone's metabolization?
|
Phenobarbital + PEMA
|
|
Muscarinic agonist
|
Bind to endothelial surface--> release of NO + Endothelial derivated relaxing factor→ ↑GC→ ↑cGMP→ smooth muscle relaxation
|
|
Molecular weight of COX 2
|
72 kD
|
|
Cystitis tx?
|
Fluoroquinole or TMP-SMX
|
|
A 37 weeks pregnant woman is positive for GBS, what is the treatment?
|
Intapartum Prophylaxis
- Penincillin or ampicillin |
|
Hartnup Disease tx?
|
Niacin (B3)
|
|
Effects of glucocorticoids in white blood cells differential
|
Increases: neutrophil
Decreases: basophil, eosiniphils, monocytes, lymphocytes |
|
Lansoprazole
|
inhibits H/K ATPase pump at parietal cells
= block final common pathway of gastric acid secretion, which is stimulated by Ach, hist, gastrin |
|
DOC of heroin addition and abuse
|
Methadone
|
|
what is the principal characteristic of Methadone that justifies its substitution for heroin?
|
Long half life
|
|
MOA of sulfonylureas
|
stimulates insulin release in type II DM→ increases C peptide
|
|
MOA of Flucytosine
|
inhibits DNA + RNA synthesis
|
|
MOA of Caspofungin
|
inhibits fungi cell wall
|
|
MOA of Amphotericin B
|
binds to ergosol → inhibits cell membrane
|
|
MOA of Azoles
|
inhibits ergosterol synthesis
|
|
Cyt P 450 inducers (8)
|
Queen Barb Steels Phen-phen and refuses greasy carbs chronically
Q- Quinidine B- Barbituates S- St. John's warts P- Phenytoin R- Rifampin G- Griseofulvin C- Carbamazepine Chronic alcohol use |
|
Cyt P 450 inhibitors (7)
|
KEG is Acutely SICk
K- Ketoconazole E- Erythromycin G- Grapefruit Acute alcohol use S- Sulfonamides I- INH C- Cimetidine |
|
At what ph Pyrazinamide work best?
|
Acidic
|
|
MOA of Abciximab
|
Blocker of GP IIb/IIa
|
|
Clinical use of Abciximab
|
Glanzmann thrombocytopenia
|
|
Effect of Timolol in aqueous humor
|
↓secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary epithelium
|
|
Side effect of gancyclovir
|
Neutropenia
|
|
Side effect of Forscarnet
|
Hypomagnesemia
↓PTH |
|
Lime disease tx?
|
Doxycycline or penincillin derivates (Ex. Ceftriazone)
|
|
MOA of Nystatin
|
Binds ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane
|
|
Clinical use of Nystatin
|
Candidiasis
|
|
Rifampin is used as chemoprophyliaxis for?
|
N. meningitidis
|
|
Common side effect of Rifampin
|
Orange discoloration of secretions
|
|
Tx for Trigeminal neuralgia?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
Carbamazepine side effects
|
aplastic anemia
P 450 inducer |
|
what drug can be use against gram (-), gram (+), and bacteriodes?
|
Piperacillin- Tazabatam
|
|
MOA of Isoniazid
|
inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
mycolic acid= make mycobacterium acid fast |
|
t 1/2 Formula
|
t 1/2= (Vd x 0.7)/CL
|
|
Clinical uses of Valproate
|
Absence and tonic-clonic seizures
|
|
Clinical use of Ethosuximade
|
Absence seizures
|
|
MOA of pentazocine
|
partial agonist activity and weak antagonist activity at mu receptor
|
|
Pentazocine and morphine can cause...
|
Precipitate opiod withdrawal
|
|
Ceftriazone does not work in C. Trachomatic and U. Urealyticum. Why?
|
Because they lack of peptidoglycan cell wall
|
|
C. Trachomatic and U. Urealyticum tx?
|
Macrolides
tetracyclines |
|
Anesthesics
|
↓MAC, ↑potency
↑solubility, ↑anesthetic is needed to saturate the blood ↑solubility, slow onset of action ↑[Arteriovenous] gradient, slow onset of action |
|
Cyproheptadine
|
Serotonin receptor antagonist
|
|
MOA of Colchicine
|
Binds to IC protein tubulin→ inhibits polymerization into microtubules
|
|
SE of Colchicine
|
Nausea
Abdominal pain diarrhea |
|
Clinical use of Fenoldopam
|
Emergency hypertension
improves RPF→ ↓BP |
|
Izoniazid Resistance
|
non-expression of the catalase peroxidase enzyme
|
|
Arsenic poisoning tx?
|
Dimercaprol
|
|
Cyanide poisoning tx?
|
Amyl nitrate
|
|
Acute lead and mercury poisoning?
|
CaNa2EDTA
|
|
Essential tremor tx?
|
Propanolol
|
|
Enfuvirtide
|
inhibits viral penetration into target cells
|
|
Initial tx for hypoglycemia
- no- medical setting - medical setting |
- no- medical setting= IM glucagon
- medical setting= IV Dextrose |
|
MOA of Rifampin
|
inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis
|
|
benzodiazepines that causes day time drowsiness
|
Long term
FLUROZEPAM DIAZEPAM CLORAZEPAK CHORDAZIPOSIDE |
|
How can be prevented the hemorragic cystitis caused by Cyclophosphamide?
|
MESNA
|
|
Clinical use of Ribavirin
|
Infants w confirmed RSV broncholitis
HCV |
|
MOA of Ribavirin
|
inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides
|
|
Amantadine
|
impairs uncoating of Influenzae A
|
|
BNP
|
vasodilatation
diuresis/natiuresis ↓BP |
|
Is Nafcillin resistant to degradation by bacterial B- lactamase?
|
yes
|
|
Clinical use of naftcillin
|
Skin infections of S. aureus
|
|
Quetiapine
|
Atypical antipsycotic that treat negative and positive symptoms
|
|
Which vitamin has Izoniazid chemical similitud?
|
Vit B6
|
|
Side effect of atropine
|
MYDRIASIS --> ↑IOP--> GLAUCOMA
principally in African americans |
|
Resistance to streptomycin
|
altered structure of bacterial ribosomes proteins
|
|
Most specific effect of Dobutamine
|
↑ cardiac conduction velocity
|
|
MOA of digoxin
|
slow conduction through AV node
↑parasympathetic tone --> ↓AV conduct |
|
S. epidermidis tx?
|
Vancomycin
|
|
Dose dependant characteristics of Isoproterenol
|
↑cardiac contractility
↓vascular resistance |
|
Clavulinic acid
|
B- lactamase inhibitor
|
|
Why amoxillin is co-administrated with clavulinic acid?
|
Clavulinic acid ↓amoxillin cleavege by bacterial cells
|
|
Tx of opioid withdrawal in neonates?
|
Opioid solution= tincture of opium
|
|
MOA of Ethosusimide
|
↓ Ca current in thalamic neurons
Blocks T- type Ca |
|
Phenytoin
|
↓Na in cortical neurons
|
|
Long term tx for duodenal ulcers
|
Antibiotics
|
|
Prevention of crystalline neupropathy due to Acyclovir
|
Acute Hydratation
|
|
Dobutamine
|
B1>B2
↑HR, CONDUCTION, CONTRACTILITY, myocardial O2 consumption |
|
Thiopental redistribution?
|
Muscle and fat tissue
|
|
Tx for idiopathic parkinson disease?
|
trihexyphenidyl
benztropine |
|
Disopyrimide
|
slows phase 0 depolarization
prolonged phase 3 reporalization of ventricular myocyte |
|
What vitamin can not be mixed with Levodopa?
|
VIT B6
incr levodopa peripheral metabolism--> decr enter to CNS |
|
2 types of exacerbation of Mysthenia Gravis
|
1- myathetic gravis= subterapeutic , there is low Ach to compite with AB
2- Cholinergic crisis= inapropiated high doses |
|
Prevention of thrombotic events in homocystenuria
|
Vit B6
|
|
Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer
|
Valproid acid
|
|
ARBs
|
decr aldosterone
no change bradykin incr AT I, AT II, renin |
|
tx for malaria- chloride resistant
|
mefloquine
|
|
tx for acute gouty arthritis
|
NSAIDs
|
|
Side effect of Amitryline in BPH pts
|
urinary retention
|
|
Steps for status epilepticus tx
|
1- IV lorazepam
2- Phenytoin (simultaneously) 3- continues seizures= Give phenobarbital 4- if seizures persists= intubation and anesthesics |
|
Menotropin and hCG
|
menotropin= human menopausal gonadotropin. Acts lik FSH--> ovarian follicle
hCG--> LH surge--> ovulation |
|
Dofetlilde
|
Class III antiarrhrytmic
affects phase 3 |
|
Cefuroxime
|
inhibits cell wall synthesis
2 nd gen of cephalosporins |
|
MOA of desmopressin (DDAVP) in edothelial cells
|
stimulates the release of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor
|
|
what type of antiarrhytmic is Dofetilide?
|
CLASS III
|
|
MOA of N- acetylcysteine
|
Mucolytic agent that loosens the thick sputum by cleaving disulfide bonds
|
|
Tx for motion sickness?
Most common side effect |
Antihistaminics
Scopolamine SE: dry mouth |
|
Prophylaxis for MAC infection in HIV patient
|
Azithromycin
|
|
Side effect of B- blockers
|
Bronchoconstriction
Asthma exacerbation |
|
Medication- induced body fat redistribution syndrome is caused by (2)
|
Glucocorticoids
HIV-1 protease inhibitors |
|
Competitive inhibitor of integrin
|
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA
|
|
Crytococus neoformans tx?
|
Amphotericin B or Nystatin or azoles
|
|
MOA of isotretinoin
|
Retinoid
binds eukaryotic nuclear receptors |
|
MOA of paclitaxel
|
inhibitor of intimal hyperplasia
↓ stent trombosis |
|
Psoriasis tx?
|
Acitretin
Calciprotrine synthetic vit D3 analog that binds DNA and acts as a transcription factor --> stimulates cell proliferation and induce normal cell diferentiation |
|
is Acitretin teratogenic?
|
yes
CNS abn cardiac abn thymic abn craniofacial abn |
|
MOA od Cyclosporine
|
inhibitor of IL-2 transcription
binds to cyclophilin--> forms comples--> inhibits calcineurin--> ↓IL-2 |
|
Antibiotics that act on 50S
|
chloramphenicol
clindamycin linezoid erythromicin |
|
Resistance to antibiotic that acts on 50 S
|
bacterial acquisition of genetic material encoding methylation of 23S rRNA
|
|
Tx of vomiting or gastric stasis?
|
Metoclopramide
|
|
side effect of Metoclopramide
|
exarcebate or cause Parkinsoniam symptoms
|
|
Phenylephrine
|
alpha 1 agonist
↑vascular resistance--> ↑BP--> activates baroreceptors-->↓SV, ↓ HR |
|
Atropine overdose tx?
|
Physostigmine
|
|
opioid effect resistance to tolerance
|
Constipation
miosis |
|
MOA of Pramipexole
|
stimulates DOPA receptors
|
|
Side effect of Vincristine
|
Neurotoxicity
|
|
MOA OF Osteltamir
|
Impair viron particle release
|
|
tx for the recurrence of genital herpes
|
daily oral acyclovir, valacyclovir, or fanciclovir after the first episode
|
|
How spironolactone benefit overall survival in CHF?
|
↓ALDOSTERONE
B/C CHF stimulates RAA system |
|
Protect against UVB
|
PABA esters
|
|
Protect against UVB and UVA
|
Zinc-oxide containing suncrens
|
|
most common side effect of aspirin
|
fecal blood loss
|
|
which reverse trancriptase do not need IC phosphorylation?
|
Nevirapine
|
|
Side effect of Ticlopidine
|
neutropenia
fever mouth ulcers |
|
MOA of methothrexate
|
inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase to block folic acid syntheis
|
|
Side effect of methothrexate
|
stomatitis= painful mouth ulcers
hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis |
|
Xanthine oxidase inactivates?
|
6- mercaptopurine
|
|
Zidovutine
|
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
No 3'- OH group, making 5-3 phosphodisterase linkage imposible |
|
effect of diphenoxylate in motility
|
slows it
|
|
Why thiazides increase lithium toxicity?
|
Lithim is excreted by kidneys
thiazides cause volume depletion bc kidneys try to retain Na + H2O, lithium reabsorption follows Na reabsorption |
|
Gout long term tx?
|
Allopurinol= xanthine oxidase inhibitor
|
|
monitoring test for warfarin
|
PT/INR
|
|
monitoring test for heparin
|
PTT
|
|
Foscarnet
|
pyrophosphate analog that does not require IC activation
tx for herpes and HIV |
|
Side effect of Thioridazine
|
Retinal deposits
|
|
Side effect of Chlorpromazine
|
Corneal deposists
|
|
Side effect of Ziprasidone
|
prolonged QT
|
|
Effect of Pilocarpine in pupils
|
cause pupullary constriction
Direct muscarinic cholinergic agents |
|
Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic for?
|
Mycoplasma
Ricketsia Chlamydia |
|
Hepatic encephalopathy tx?
|
Lactulose--> degraded by colonic bacteria--> lactic acid + acetic acid
|
|
Red man syndrome
|
Vancomycin
↑ blood [histamine] |
|
Bacterial Rsistance MOA
|
↓ IC accumulation of drug
1- ↓permeability 2- Pump drug ou= saturates w protein--> eliminates the ion [] gradient |
|
What part of the ear cytoplastin damages?
|
the apical sterocilia on hair cells causing hearing loss
|
|
Side effects of atropine
|
fever
dry skin and mucous membrane flushing mydriasis and cycloplegia altered mental status |
|
Effects the diazepam in elderly
|
↓TBM
↓TBW ↓HEPATIC SIZE and BF ↑body fat--> ↑volumen of distribution SE: confusion |
|
MOA of cocaine
|
inhibits presynaptic reuptake of NORE, DOPA, SER
|
|
Side effects of cocaine
|
incr BP
vasocontricction--> chest pain agitation mydriasis |
|
which diuretic causes brisk diuresis?
|
LOOP
|
|
Bile acid resins increases risk for?
|
Gallbladder stones
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Quinidine- like effects (QT & QRS prolongation)
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TCA
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Tx for TCA overdose?
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NaHCO3
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RESISTANCE TO CEPHALOSPORINS
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change in protein synthesis
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Drug with Vd= 3-5 L
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inc MW--> binded to plasma protein
---> hydrophilic |
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Drug with Vd= 41 L
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decr MW
uncharged so drug can cross cell membrane and goes to IC compartment |
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Streptokinase side effect
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intracerrebral hemorrhage
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TX of acute C. diphteriae
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1- diphteria toxin= rapid administration good prognosis
2- penincillin or erythromycin 3- DPT vaccine |
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Nimodipine
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CA channel blocker
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Nimodopine tx for?
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prevention of cerebral vascular spam following SAH
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what u have to monitored in ethambutol tx?
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Visual acuity
- color blindness - central scotoma |
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what u have to monitored in amynoglycoside or vancomicin tx?
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Hearing and vestibular function
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Tx for myoclonic seizures?
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Valproid acid
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MOA of entarcapone?
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COMT inhibitor
- incr bioavaliability of levodopa |