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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intracellular water is about... |
63% of water |
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Extracellular makes up about |
37% of water in the body |
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Intracellular is the fluid |
In between cells |
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Intravascular fluid (IVF) |
It's the fluid in the blood vessels (plasma) |
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Fluid in lymphatic vessels (lymph) |
Makes up the majority of the ECF |
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Transcellular fluid is CSF is located |
Eyes, synovial fluid, serous fluid in body cavities, and glandular secretion. |
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Blood plasma |
It's the liquid portion of blood |
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1/3 of the total body water volume |
Plasma and interstitial fluid |
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2/3 of the total water volume |
Intracellular fluid |
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Extracellular has higher levels of |
Na+, Cl, HCO3 |
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Plasma has higher |
Protein than any other CHF |
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Normal Saline has the same |
Concentration of plasma |
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Intracellular fluid has higher levels |
K+, Phosphorus, and magnesium |
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Water and electrolytes |
Can move from one compartment to another |
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The average water intake |
2500 mls per day |
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Water intake is from |
Breakdown of food, from food, and fluid intake |
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Water leaves the body |
Kidney, lungs, digestive track, sweat |
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Thirst center |
Hypothalamus in the brain |
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Kidneys is assisted by what hormone for output |
Autidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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ADH is released in |
The posterior pituitary of the brain |
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When not enough water the ADH |
Is released and the body hangs on to the water and increases blood volume. |
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Whole bunch of water |
ADH backs off, and your body releases water. |
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Hormone that assist with water balance |
Aldosterone |
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Dehydration |
When outtake exceeds intake |
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Skin turgor normal |
Less then 2 seconds when pinched. |
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Dehydrated Skin turgor |
Greater then 2 seconds when pinched |
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Lower blood circulation turns into |
Low blood pressure and can lead to hypovolemic shock. |
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Fluid restriction |
Edema |
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Fluid shift is normal |
For homeostasis |
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Fluid shift pushing and pulling effect |
With the capillaries whether it be filtration pressure, osmotic pressure, or trapped plasma protein in surrounding tissues. |
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Fluid spacing 1 spacing |
Normal fluid distribution |
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Fluid spacing 2nd spacing |
Excess fluid hangs out in the interstitial space. Edema |
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Fluid shift Third spacing |
Is where fluid hangs out and does not have fluid. (Abdominal cavity ascites) |
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1 lTR of fluid |
2.2 pounds |
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Electrolyte def |
Are the substances that break up into electrical charged ions when dissolved in water |
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Electrolyte are |
Controlled by the kidneys |
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Signs of hyponatremia |
Muscle cramp, seizure, dry skin, weight gain, edema, weakness |
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Signs of hyponatremia labs |
Deceased NA, decreased osmolaltiy, and decreased BUN |
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Signs of hypernatremia |
Thirst, increased body temp, swollen dry tongue, Seizures, hyper-reflexia |
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Signs of hypernatremia labs |
Increased NA, Osmolaltiy, and BUN |
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Examples of hypernatremia |
Prolonged use of diuretics, uncontrolled diabetes, elderly who are post opt. |
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Examples of hyponatremia |
Excess loss of sodium or fluid retention, drinks to much water, heart failure patients |
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Potassium primary regular |
Aldosterone |
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Aldosterone stimulates |
The nephron to excrete K+ |
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Signs of Hypokalemia |
High heart rate, low B/P, fatigue. Paresthesias, decreased GI mobility |
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Signs of Hypokalemia |
Deceased heart rate, increased B/P, dysrhythmia flaccid paralysis, ABD distention, leg cramps, muscle fatigue |
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Potassium is lost |
With diarrhea and vomiting |
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Calcium is necessary |
For bone and tooth formation, muscle contraction, nerve impulse formation and blood clotting. |
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Calcium primary regulator |
Parathyroid hormone |
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Signs of Hypercalcemia |
Low blood pressure, abnormal heart rate,numbness, tetany, hyperactive tendon reflexes, anorexia, depression, constipation, fatigue |
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Signs of hypocalcemia |
Increased heart rate, high B/P, polyuria, hypoactive tendon reflexes, numbness, cramping. Life-threatening. |
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Magnesium important |
I'm the function of the heart, muscles, and nerves. |
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Signs of Hypermagnesemia |
Abnormal heart rate, low B/P and HR, kidney disease, magnesium-containing acids, comma |
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Signs of Hypomagnesemia |
High blood pressure, abnormal heart rate, positive Trousseau/Chvostek sign, hyperactive tendon reflexes, tetany, tremors, Surgical removal of thyroid, seen in critically ill patients |
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Hypomagnesemia can cause |
Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia |
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Chief extracellular anion |
Cl- sodium K+ |
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Chloride affects |
Acid-base balance this had to do with the bicarb (HCO3) |
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Signs of Hypochloremia |
Low B/P, low HR/RR Agitation, tremors, hypertonicity, tetany, seizures, hyperactive tendon reflexes. |
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Signs of Hyperchloremia |
High HR/RR. Deceased LOC High B/P decreased CO, dyspnea, enema, dysrhythmias, weakness, severe diarrhea |
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Phosphate |
Primary regulator, excreted and reabsorbed through your kidneys |
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Bicarbonate works |
With sodium, chloride, and potassium |
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Bicarb normal labs |
22-26 |
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Blood brings bicarb |
To your lungs and exhaled as carbon dioxide |
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Hypophosphite signs |
High BP low HR/RR Paresthesias, bone pain, cardiomyopathy, Resp failure, tissue hypoxia, |
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Acid-Base balance has 3 mechanisms |
Buffers, respiratory system, and kidney function |
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2 parts of a buffer |
Base and acid |
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Buffer pairs |
Sodium Bicarb, protein, and phosphate |
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Buffers job if excess of acid |
The base part of the blood removes the H+ |
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Buffers job if it's a decrease in acid... |
The acid part of the blood gives H+ |
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Lungs act as a second line of defense |
CO2 removes LTR from the blood each day |
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Third line of defence acid babe balance |
Kidneys |
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People with kidney failure |
Are usually acidotic |
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Normal acid base level |
7.35 to 7.45 |
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Metabolic acidosis |
No respiratory problems. Headaches decrease blood pressure hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, flushed warm skin, nausea vomiting diarrhea changes in LOC |
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Metabolic alkalosis |
No respiratory issues restlessness followed by lethargic, confusion, nausea vomiting diarrhea, triggers muscle cramps tingling and fingers and toes, hypochalemia, trachycardia, hyperventilation |
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Respiratory acidosis signs |
Hyperventilation hypoxia, drowsiness dizziness and disorientation, muscle weakness hyperflexia, decreased blood pressure with vasodilation, dyspnea, headache. Causes decreased respiratory stimuli drug overdose COPD pneumonia |
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Respiratory alkalosis signs |
Seizures, deep rapid breathing, hyperventilation, turkey cardia, decreased or normal bp, hyperkalemia, numbness and tingling to extremities, lethargic, confusion, lightheadedness, nausea vomiting, causes hyperventilation anxiety PE fear mechanical ventilation. |