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262 Cards in this Set
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Ideal service tempartaure for medium/full-bodied oak white wine |
Lightly Chilled 10-13 C / 50-55 F |
Lightly Chilled |
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Ideal service temperature for light/medium-bodied white wines |
Chilled 7-10 C / 45-50 F |
Chilled |
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Ideal service temperature for sweet wines? |
Well chilled 6-8 C / 43-45 F |
Well Chilled |
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Ideal service temperature for sparkling wines |
Well chilled 6-10 C / 43-50 F |
Well chilled |
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What region in Italy produces the most wine? |
Veneto |
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What is the ideal service temperature for light bodied red wines? |
Lightly Chilled 13 C / 55 F |
Lightly chilled |
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What is the ideal service temperature for medium/full-bodied red wines? |
Room temperature 15-18 C / 59-64 F |
Room temperature |
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What is Italy's most planted grape variety? |
Sangiovese |
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What is the ideal temperature to serve a bottle of Cava? |
Well chilled 6-10 C / 43-50 F |
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If you pair a high tannin wine with salty food the wine would seem? |
Softer, smoother and less tannic |
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What happens to a bottle of wine that is left for long periods in a fridge? |
The cork can harden, lose its elasticity and might result in oxidation. |
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What is the ideal storage temperature for long term storage of wine? |
Cool and constant. 10-15 C / 50-59 F |
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How should wine bottles with a cork seal be stored and why? |
On their sides to ensure the cork remains in contact t with the wine. If the cork dries out it can let in air which might oxidise the wine. |
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What temperature should you serve a bottle of Pinot Grigio? |
Chilled 7-10 C / 45-50 F |
Light/medium-bodied wine |
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What temperature should you serve a bottle of Beaujolais? |
Lightly Chilled 13C / 55F |
Light bodied red wine |
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FRENCH word for 'Wine' |
Vin |
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ITALIAN word for 'Wine' |
Vino |
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SPANISH word for 'Wine' |
Vino |
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GERMAN word for 'Wine' |
Wein |
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French word for 'Red' |
Rouge |
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Italian word for 'Red' |
Rosso |
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Spanish word for 'Red' |
Tinto |
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German word for 'Red' |
Rot |
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French word for 'white' |
Blanc |
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Italian word for 'white' |
Bianco |
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Spanish word for 'white' |
Blanco |
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German word for 'white' |
Weiss |
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French word for 'dry' |
Sec |
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Italian word for 'dry' |
Secco |
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Spanish word for 'dry' |
Seco |
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German word for 'dry' |
Trocken |
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Lowest to highest sugar level in German |
Least sweet - Kabinett Spätlese Auslese BA (Beerenauslese) Eiswein TBA (Trockenbeerenauslese)
Actual translations of dry, sweet etc Dry - Trocken Medium Dry - Halbtrocken Medium Sweet - Lieblich Sweet - Süss |
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Acidity in food has what effect/s to the body, sweetness and fruitiness in wine? |
It increases body, sweetness and fruitiness |
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What effect does acidity in food have on acidity in wine? |
It decreases the acidity in the wine |
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Food with high acidity will have what effect on wines with low acidity? |
High acidity foods will make low acidity wines seem flat, flabby and lacking in focus. |
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Salty foods will have what effect on the body of wines? |
Salty foods increase the perception of body in the wine. |
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What effect does salty food have on the perception of bitterness and acidity in wine? |
Salty foods decrease the perception of bitterness and acidity in wine. So high acidity wines could match well with salty food |
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Sweetness in food has what effect on wine |
Sweetness in food INCREASES the perception of BITTERNESS, ACIDITY and the BURNING EFFECT of the alcohol in wine. |
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What effect does sweetness in food have on BODY, SWEETNESS and FRUITINESS in wine? |
Sweetness in food DECREASES the perfection of body, sweetness and fruitiness in wine. |
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What effect does Umami in food have on wine? |
Umami INCREASES perception of BITTERNESS, ACIDITY and ALCOHOL BURN. Umami DECREASES the perception of BODY, SWEETNESS and FRUITINESS |
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What grape variety is found in Beaujolais? |
Beaujolais is typically GAMAY |
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What effect does Bitterness in food have on wine? |
Bitterness in food increases bitterness in wine. Bitterness accumulates! |
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What effect does spicy (Chilli heat) food have on wine? |
Chilli heat in food INCREASES perfection of bitterness, acidity and alcohol burn in wine. Chilli heat in food DECREASES perception of body, richness, sweetness and fruitiness in wine. Higher alcohol wines INCREASE the Chilli heat intensity. So sweeter/fruitier, lighter alcohol, lower acidity wines, potentially with more body, go well with spicy foods. Examples... Gewürztraminer? Sweeter style Riesling? Bright Unoaked Chardonnay that doesn't have too much acidity? Sauvignon Blanc without too much acidity? |
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What wine element matches well with oily/fatty foods? |
Acidity. The acid cuts through the fats/oils and cleans the palate. Sparkling wine with fish n chips! Yum... |
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What factors of wine would you consider for foods high in sugar? |
Sweet foods should be paired with wines that have at least just as much sweetness, if not sweeter. |
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What wine factors should be paired with Umami? |
Dishes high in Umami should be paired with more fruity wines. Not bitter or high in tannins |
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In order to grow and produce a crop of healthy grapes, vines need which 5 elements? |
Carbon Dioxide Sunlight Water Warmth Nutrients |
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What effect do yields have on quality? |
Lower yields Riper grapes with more concentrated flavours. However controlling yields by hand requires more time/costs. Also, each crop is lower, so overall sale price must become higher. Higher yields by irrigating for example, mean more wine but flavours and sugars are diluted. Resulting wine less interesting and cheaper. |
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In one word steps;describe white wine making process |
Crush Press Fermentation Maturation Bottling |
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In one word steps, describe the red wine making process. |
Crush Fermentation Press (possibly) Maturation Blending (potentially) Bottling |
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What does PDO stand for? |
Protected Designation of Origin |
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What does PGI stand for? |
Protected Geographical Indication |
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What is the traditional PDO term for France? |
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) |
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What does AOC mean in France? |
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée It is the traditional PDO term |
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What is the traditional term for PDO wines in Italy? |
Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) |
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What are the traditional terms for PDO wines in Spain? |
Denominación de Origen (DO) Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) |
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What is the traditional term for PDO wines in Germany? |
Prädikatswein Qualitatätswein |
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What is the traditional term for PGI wines in France ? |
Vin de Pays (VdP) |
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What is the traditional term for PGI wines in Italy? |
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) |
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What is the traditional term for PGI wines in Spain? |
Vino de la Tierra (VdlT) |
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What is the traditional term for PGI wines in Germany? |
Landwein |
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How do you say Medium-Dry in French? |
Demi-sec |
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What does Abboccato mean? |
Medium-Dry in Italian |
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How do you say Medium-Dry in Spanish? |
Semiseco |
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How do you say Medium-Dry in German? |
Halbtrocken |
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What does Moelleux mean? |
Medium-Sweet in French |
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What does Amabile mean? |
Medium-Sweet in Italian |
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How do you say Medium-Sweet in Spanish? |
Semidulce |
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What does Lieblich mean? |
Medium-Sweet in German |
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What does Doux mean? |
Sweet in French |
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How do you say Sweet in Italian ? |
Dolce |
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How do you say Sweet in Spanish? |
Dulce |
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What does Süss mean? |
Sweet in German |
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What does Millésime mean? |
Vintage in French |
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What does Annata mean? |
Vintage in Italian |
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What does Anada/Cosecha mean? |
Vintage in Spanish |
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What does Jahrgang mean? |
Vintage in German |
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What does Vendange/Récolte mean? |
Harvest in French |
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What does Vendemmia mean? |
Harvest in Italian |
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What does Vendemmia mean? |
Harvest in Spanish |
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What does Ernte mean? |
Harvest in German |
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White Burgandy: wine made with grapes grown throughout the region are labelled as what? |
Bourgogne |
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Stirring lees (dead yest cells) through the wine after Fermentation has what effect on the wine? |
Adds a creamy texture and some savoury flavours. |
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What is malolactic fermentation |
When tart tasting malic acids in wine are converted to softer lactic acids. Sharp tart acids become creamier, sometimes buttery /dairy like. |
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Buttery/creamy flavours in a Chardonnay are signs of what winemaking technique having been used? |
Malolactic Fermentation |
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What climate type is Chablis? |
Chablis is a cool climate |
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Describe Chablis style of Chardonnay |
Chablis wines are bone-dry with high acidity and can be quite austere/harsh, with green fruit and citrus notes. Many Chablis wines have a smoky, flinty, mineral signature and are signs of being Cru wines. It is extremely rare to find oak characteristics in Chablis wine. |
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Name 3 common French labelling terms used to indicate hierarchy. |
Villages Premier Cru Grand Cru |
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In France, such as Burgandy, the word 'Domaine' can appear on a label. What does it mean? |
Literally it means Estate If printed on label it means the wine was made exclusively from grapes grown on their own vineyard. Not by a 'négociant' who buy grapes and/or juice and/or wine from elsewhere and bottle it under their name. |
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How do NZ Pinot Noirs differ to Burgandy? |
NZ Pinot Noir ls are generally more full-bodied with lower acidity and more intense fruit flavours. |
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What grape varieties are typically found in red Burgandy? |
Pinot Noir |
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What qualities does Merlot give to wines when used as a Blending element? |
Merlot supplies softness and body |
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Cabernet Sauvignon is used in many regions around the world to improve wines by adding what? |
A little aromatic fruit, colour and tannins |
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Which wine typically has gooseberry, elderflower, green capsicum and asparagus? |
Sauvignon Blanc |
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Which latitudes north and south of the Equator mark the temperate zone where most vineyards are found? |
30 to 50 degrees |
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Grenache grapes typically have HIGH or LOW sugar and HIGH BB or LOW acidity? |
High sugar Low acidity |
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What grape varieties are usually used to make premium white wine in Bordeaux ? |
Sauvignon Blanc and Sémillion |
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Mersault is made from which white grape variety? |
Chardonnay |
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Name the 4 places in France where Chardonnay is grown/made |
Champagne Burgandy--Chablis Burgandy - Côte de Beaune - (Mersault and Puligny-Montrachet) Burgandy - Mâconnais (Pouilly-Fuissé) Pays d'oc IGP
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What wine is Puligny-Montrachet and Mersault famous for? |
Chardonnay |
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High volume moderately priced Chardonnay with light, fruity (melon/citrus), mostly Unoaked or only very lightly oaked coming from Mâconnais is called what? |
Mâcon |
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Where is Pouilly-Fuissé located? |
Mâconnais in (Southern) Burgandy, France. Home of Chardonnay that is typically full-bodied fruity (tropical, pineapple, melon) and oaked. Grapes typically from steep suntrapped slopes. |
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Main regions for Chardonnay in Australia? |
Yarra Valley (VIC) Adelaide Hills (SA) Margaret River (WA) |
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Main region for Chardonnay in NZ? |
Marlborough High natural crisp acidity with pronounced citrus and tropical fruit flavours and mineral notes. |
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Name three common locations in California for Chardonnay |
Russian River, Sonoma and Carneros |
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Premium region for Chardonnay in Chile |
Casablanca Valley |
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Chardonnay province of Argentina? |
Mendoza |
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Name some premium French regions/villages for Pinot Noir |
Champagne
Burgandy-- Côtes de nuits- Gevrey-Chambertin
Burgandy- Côtes de nuits- Nuits-St Georges
Burgandy--Côte de Beaune- Beaune
Burgandy - Côtes de Beaune-- Pommard |
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Pinot Noir in German? |
Spätburgunder |
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Where in Germany would you most typically find Pinot Noir (Spätburgunder)? |
Pfalz and Baden |
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Describe Pinot Noir from Pfalz and Baden |
Cool climate so lighter bodied with pronounced perfumed red berries and light tanins. Fuller bodies barrel-aged styles are also made. |
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What does the term 'domaine' mean on a wine label? |
Wine is made exclusively from grapes grown in their own vineyards. |
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Name 2 main Pinot Noir regions of New Zealand |
Central Otago and Marlborough |
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Name 2 main Pinot Noir regions in Australia |
Yarra Valley and Mornington Peninsula (both in Victoria) |
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Most of California is too warm for Pinot Noir but good examples can be found where in the cooler parts of which US counties? |
Sonoma Santa Barbara Oregon |
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Pinot Noir sources in Chile? |
Casablanca San Antonio |
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Pinot Noir source in South Africa? |
Walker Bay |
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What grapes might be blended with Pinot Noir? |
Gamay occasionally in Burgandy Champagne blends Chardonnay etc with Pinot Noir to make Champagne |
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Which climates does Cab Sauvignon like/need? |
Moderate to hot climates. Can Sav can't ripen in cool climates or in cool years. Under ripe Cab Sav can be very harsh and astringent with unpleasant herbaceous flavours. |
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Merlot adds what qualities to a wine? |
Body and softness |
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Cabernet Sauvignon adds what quality to blended wines? |
Colour, acidity, tanin, fruit |
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Where are Médoc and Haut-Médoc and which red wine are they best known for? Name two famous communes in Haut-Médoc |
Northern part of Left Bank in Bordeaux.
Gravel soil makes them ideal growing region for Cabernet Sauvignon.
Haut-Médoc big name communes are Pauillac and Margaux) |
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Where is Graves and what red wine is it known for? Famous commune/village ? |
Graves is in the lower part of the Left Bank in Bordeaux. As the name suggests, it contains plenty of gravel soil sonis ideal for Cabernet Sauvignon. Pessac-Léognan is the famous commune) |
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Where is Pomerol and what wine is it known for? |
Pomerol is central Right Bank in Bordeaux. Merlot is more dominant in this region. |
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Where is Saunt-Émilion and what wine is it known for? |
Bordeaux. Central Right Bank. Bordeaux style wine with Merlot being more dominant. |
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Compare Left Bank to Right Bank Bordeaux |
Right Bank Softer, medium acidity, medium tanin, red fruit characteristics. Left Bank Hugh acid, high tannin, black fruit, herbaceous (Bell pepper or mint) |
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What is the difference between a wine labelled Bordeaux AC and Bordeaux Supérieur AC ? |
Wine labelled Bordeaux Supérieur AC requires a higher level of alcohol. |
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2 main Cabernet Sauvignon / Merlot regions of Australia? |
Coonawarra (SA) and Margaret River (WA) |
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Best Cabernet Sauvignon regions of United States? |
Napa Valley - Rutherford Napa Valley - Oakville Alexander Valley |
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Best regions of Chile for Cabernet Sauvignon /Merlot? |
Maipo Valley Cachapoal Valley (part of Rapel/Central Valley) Colchagua Valley (part of Rapel/Central Valley) |
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Cab Sauvignon /Merlot region of Argentina ? |
Mendoza Mainly Cabernet Sauvignon and usually blended with Malbec rather than Merlot etc |
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South African region for Cabernet Sauvignon? |
Western Cape - Stellenbosch Typically less intense fruit and more herbaceous flavours |
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Explain Sauvignon Blanc regions in France |
Loire Valley *Val de Loire (IGP) *Sancerre *Pouilly-Fumé All cooler climate so typical aromatic dry style Bordeaux *Graves Eg.Pessac Léognan (dry oaked style, sémillon blend, showing honey, toast, complex flavours) *Sauternes--Semilon/Sauvignon/Botrytis blends, sweet. Pays d'oc (IGP) |
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Sauvignon Blanc Region/s in South Africa? |
Elgin Constantia |
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Sauvignon Blanc region/s in Chile? |
Casablanca Valley and Central Valley |
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Describe Grenache grapes/wine |
Large berries Thin skins High sugar levels Low acidity Rarely deep in colour Usually full bodied Red fruit (strawberry/raspberry) with spicy notes (white pepper, liquorice). Needs hot climate to ripen. |
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Describe Syrah grapes/wine |
Small berries Thick dark skins Deep colour Medium to high tanins Medium acidity Full bodied Black fruit (blackberry) and dark chocolate Moderate climates add herbaceousness, smoked meats and spice (black pepper). Hot regions more sweet spice like liquorice. Ageing brings animal and végétal complexities like leather, wet leaves, earth. MOST Syrah sees oak either through barrel ageing or staves. This can introduce vanilla, coconut, smoke, toast, etc. |
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Adding Grenache to Syrah can result in what? |
More alcohol, lower tanin levels, lower acidity, red fruit and spice flavours |
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Adding Syrah to Grenache does what? |
Increases colour, tannin and acidity and adds dark fruit character |
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What is a GSM blend? |
Grenache Syrah/Shiraz Mataro/Mourvèdre |
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Regions and hot spots n in France for Syrah and/or Grenache? |
Northern Rhône * Côte Rôtie *Hermitage **Crozes-Hermitage less prestigious but still very good.
Southern Rhône (No steep slopes. Hotter and drier than Northern Rhône. Ideal for Grenache, usually blended) * Côtes du Rhône (+Villages) * Châteauneuf du Pape
Pays d'oc IGP *Languedoc *Minervois
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Most widely planted vine in Spain? |
Garnacha (Grenache) |
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Australian regions for Syrah (Shiraz)? |
Hunter Valley (NSW) McLaren Vale (SA) Barossa Valley (SA) |
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What are the effects of adding Viognier to Syrah? |
Viognier helps give the wine a smooth texture and adds a trace of exotic fruit character. |
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What type of wine is commonly produced in Mosel (Germany) and explain their style |
Mosel produces Rieslings. Germany's lightest bodied Rieslings. Kabinett and Spätlese wines are almost always medium sweet with high acid to balance. |
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What white wine is produced in Rheingau and explain its style? |
Rheingau make Riesling and is east of Mosel. It's Kabinett, Spätlese and Auslese wines are drier in style (compared to Mosel, Pfalz, Alsace) and medium bodied. |
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Where is Pfalz, what white wine does it make and describe their style? |
Pfalz is a southern region in Germany. Makes Rieslings Generally off-dry and medium bodied |
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Where is Alsace, what wine do they grow/make there and describe the style |
Alsace is in eastern France, where Riesling is king Sheltered by the Vosges Mountains it avoids rain-bearing winds that travel across the north of France. Long dry warm autumns result in dry, medium bodied Rieslings with green citrus and stone fruit notes. Fuller-bodied, late-harvest wines are also made with more intense flavours and sweetness. The best Alsace wines benefit from ageing and develop smoky, honeyed complexity, often with petrol-like aromas. |
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Name the 2 appellations within Alsace |
Alsace AC Alsace Grand Cru AC |
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Australian regions for Riesling? |
Clare Valley Eden Valley |
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Where is Gevrey-Chambertin and what grape/wine is it famous for? |
Côté de nuits (Burgandy) Famous for Pinot Noir Bourgogne Pinots are médium bodied, good balance of red fruit and savoury aromas, light tannin, medium to high acidity. Gevrey-Chambertin has more intense, complex aromas and flavours and long-lived length. |
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Where is Nuits-St-Georges and what wine/grape is it famous for? |
Côté de Nuits (Burgandy) Famous for Pinot Noir Bourgogne Pinots are médium bodied, good balance of red fruit and savoury aromas, light tannin, medium to high acidity. Most intense, complex and long-lived length |
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Lighter styled NZ Pinot Noir = which region? |
Marlborough makes a lighter style than Central Otago |
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Différence between Bourgogne and NZ Pinot noir? |
NZ is generally Fuller bodies, more intense fruit and lower acidity. |
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Bordeaux left Bank places from north to south including major communes |
MÉDOC HAUT-MÉDOC *Margaux *Pauillac GRAVES *Pessac-Léognan
Here Cab Sav is dominant due to gravel soil Wines are med-full bodied High tannin High acidity Medium alcohol Long finish Black fruits (blackcurrant, black cherry) Age well.
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Bordeaux Right Bank important places and wine descriptions for red wines |
Pomerol Saint-Émilion
Merlot dominant
Softer style Medium tanin Medium acidity Red fruit (plum, red Berry) |
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Distinct flavour/characteristic of mint/cassis/eucalyptus accompanying black fruit and oak notes indicates which wine from where? |
Cabernet Sauvignon Coonawarra |
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Name identifying factors of Cabernet Sauvignon wine |
High tannin High acidity Black fruit flavours (blackcurrant, black cherry) Savoury flavours (cassis, Mint, Bell pepper) |
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Describe Merlot characteristics from varying climates |
Hot climate or over-ripe grapes from moderate climate show medium or low acidity Medium tannin Black fruit (blackberry, black plum, black cherry) High alcohol Full body Super ripe can result in fruitcake and chocolate flavours.
Cool/moderate climate Red fruits (strawberry, red Berry, plum) Herbal (mint) Slightly higher acidity and tannin
All Merlot is typically oaked which brings spice oaky vanilla coffee flavours |
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South American and South African locations and descriptions for Cabernet Sauvignon |
CHILE Maipo Colchagua Cachapoal ARGENTINA Mendoza Typically blended with Malbec Aged long time before release giving more meaty leathery flavours SOUTH AFRICA Stollenbosch Closer to Bordeaux style. Less intense fruit, more herb flavours High acidity and tannin |
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Sunlight allows vines to do what? |
Combine carbon dioxide with water to create sugar. Sugar is the most important part of a grape. |
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What weather element can cause the production of sugars to slow or worse still, stop? |
Too much heat or too little warmth. |
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Western Europe gets warm or cold ocean currents? |
Warm |
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Difference between French and American Oak? |
French (European) Oak More expensive More subtle, toast and nutty flavours Smoother tannins
American oak Cheaper Sweet coconut and vanilla Harsher tannins |
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Maturation with oxygen in old oak doesn't directly add flavour but the porous vessel allows small amounts of oxygen to dissolve in the wine. This results in what? |
Softening of the tannins Makes wine smoother Can cause flavours such as Toffee, fig, nut (hazelnut, almond, walnut) and coffee. |
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What effects does Maturation without oxygen have on flavours of wine? |
Fresh fruit flavours become more like cooked fruit, végétal and animal notes (wet leaves, mushroom, leather) |
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How many grams of alcohol can your body typically break down each hour? |
10g |
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Burgandy white wine. North to south name important regions and communes. Describe differences in wine from varying locations |
CHAMPAGNE (used for sparkling wines) BURGANDY -Chablis (Cool climate) Light bodied, typically Unoaked, dry, high acidity, green apple and citrus and many have smoke flinty minerality (especially Premiere Cru and Grand Cru) -CÔTE DE BAUNE (Moderate climate) *Mersault *Puligny-Montrachet Often aged in small oak barrels and/or ageing in contact with lees. Result is more full bodied. Citrus or stone fruit or even tropical fruit Oak, spice savoury notes. -MÂCCONIAS *Mâcon Moderately priced light fruity (melon/citrus) unoaked Chardonnay produced in large volumes sold as Mâcon. *Pouilly-Fuissé Full bodied tropical (pineapple/melon) and oak flavours. Grown on steep hills in Mâcconais. |
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Main regions for premium Chardonnay in Australia? |
YARRA VALLEY (cooler parts of VIC) ADELAIDE HILLS (higher part of SA) MARGARET RIVER (WA gets cool ocean breeze) |
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Describe Sauvignon blanc |
Aromatic white grape variety Typically shows green fruit and vegetables (gooseberry, elderflower, green Bell pepper, asparagus). High acidity Medium bodi3d Dry Prefers cool climate. Moderate climate loses pungent aromatic characteristucs Typically Unoaked as desired style is fresh fruit. Those that are oaked are usually from moderate climate and gain toast/vanilla oaky flavours. |
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What is grown/specialised in LOIRE VALLEY |
Sauvignon Blanc Cool climate so dry white wine with high acidity, medium body, moderate to pronounced aromas,. Green fruit herbaceous aromas (gooseberry, grass, blackcurrant leaf, nettle) and often have steely flinty minerality like Chardonnay from Chablis |
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Describe Sauvignon Blanc in Bordeaux Include names of 2 appellations |
Typically blended with Sémillon and often Sémillon dominant. Sémillon provides greater body, helps sustain the fruit characteristics and makes ageing/oaking more appropriate. Premium Bordeaux white from Graves AC and PESSAC-LÉOGNAN AC age well and gain honeyed, toasty complex flavours.
SAUTERNES Sauvignon Blanc Sémillon Botrytis Make sweet wines. |
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South Africa, Sauvignon Blanc, discuss |
South Africa does 2 different styles: 1.Pungent fruit driven like NZ but lighter in body and less complex. 2.Oaked to make a wine that us less pungent but can age in bottle, gaining toasty complexity. These styles follow Bordeaux model but are more herbaceous and intense. CONSTANTIA = Constant cooling breeze from sea ELGIN = higher altitude results in layer ripening of graoes=more intense fresh Sauv Blanc |
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Sauvignon Blanc in USA, discuss |
Generally California is too warm so loses delicate herbaceous characteristics. In Napa Valley they use Sauvignon Blanc for Fumé Blanc. Oak is used in varying degrees. Result is like oak-aged Chardonnay there is the toast, vanilla and liquorice, with the grass and asparagus of Sauvignon Blanc but less body and higher acidity. |
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Describe a Fumé Blanc |
Oaked Sauvignon Blanc. Popular in California where it is often too warm for Sauvignon Blanc so grapes have higher sugar and can handle the oaking process. |
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Premium region for Spanish reds? |
Rioja DOCa (Tempranillo) |
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Describe grape/wine found in Rioja |
Tempranillo Full or medium body Medium acidity Medium tannins Red fruit flavours Often blended with Granacha which boosts alcohol level, adds some spicy notes and lowers tannins. Style of Rioja involves the flavours that come from oak ageing such as sweet coconut and vanilla. Over time, savoury vegetal and animal flavours (meat, leather mushroom) can appear. |
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Describe Gamay Include name of famous Cru |
Light to medium body Medium to high acidity Low tannin Red fruit (strawberry raspberry cherry) Spice (cinnamon and pepper) Best consumed young Usually unoaked Famous place is Beaujolais in France. Fleurie Cru is the big dog |
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Gamay King in France (place and Cru) |
Beaujolais Fleurie Cru |
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Spanish red places - go |
Ribera del Duero DO (Tempranillo) Navarra DO (Tempranillo +international varieties) Rioja DOCa (Tempranillo and Granacha) Catalunya (Tempranillo +Granacha +international varieties) |
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Explain the following : Beaujolais AC Beaujolais Nouveau AC Beaujolais Villages AC Beaujolais Cru (name 1) |
Beaujolais AC - generic appellation Beaujolais Nouveau AC - generic appellation but Nouveau is very light and released in the November following the harvest Beaujolais Villages AC - superior quality from granite Hills to the north of the region. Beaujolais Crus - the 10 best of the region. Each earni g their own AC right. Most famous being Fleurie AC. |
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Describe Touriga Nacional |
Big bold red from Portugal (Duoro) High acid High tannin Deep colour Intense flavours of dark Berry fruits and spice (Blackberry, blackcurrant, pepper, liquorice) Usually aged in oak |
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Most famous grape/wine coming out of Portugal and where |
Touriga Nacional from Duoro |
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Most famous wines from Piedmont ? |
Barolo DOCG Barbaresco DOCG Made from Nebbiolo |
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Describe Nebbiolo |
Full bodied High tannins, acidity and alcohol Red fruit flavours with floral and earthy elements that with age can evolve j to mushroom, tar and Tabacco. |
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Describe Barbera |
Barbera is a grape found in Piedmont Italy. Light to medium tannins High acidity Red fruit and black pepper Moderate tannins mean age ling in oak is possible and common, adding toast, vanilla and sweet spice |
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Explain Joven, Crianza, Riserva, Gran Riserva |
Levels of ageing. Joven =no legal requirement for any ageing. Crianza =some Riserva =more Gran Riserva =5yrs minimum |
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Main grape in Chianti |
Sangiovese |
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Describe Sangiovese |
Medium to full bodied High tannin and acidity Red fruit (plum red cherry) Earth, herbal, green tea, spice Long oak ageing
Best spot is Brunello di Montalcino DOCG |
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What is made in Brunello di Montalcino DOCG? |
100% Sangiovese |
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Explain Italian label terms Classico and Riserva |
Classico =from older/historical centre of the region. Often located on hills, usually best sites and produce best wines. Riserva = has achieved a higher minimum level of alcohol and has been matured for a minimum number of months before release. |
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Where do you find Valpolicella? |
Veneto - North East Italy Wines dominated by Corvina Pale to medium colour High acidity Low tannin Light bodied Sour cherry |
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What is Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG |
Using partiality dried grapes this wine produces a very complex Full bodied dry wine High tannins High alcohol |
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What is the name of a sweet red wine from Veneto? |
Recioto della Valpolicella |
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Describe Montepulciano d'Abruzzo |
Grape is Montepulciano Deep colour High acidity Med to high tannins and alcohol Medium to full bodied Red and black fruit (Black cherry, blackberry, plum) Spice (pepper) Oak aged |
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Describe Primitivo |
Same as Zinfandel Medium colour, acid and tannin Full bodied Jammy black fruit and liquorice Found in Puglia Italy |
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Describe Aglianico |
Deep colour High acid and tannin Full bodied Complex Intense black fruit flavours
Found in Campania and Basilicata Taurasi DOCG is 100% Aglianico |
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Zinfandel - describe from California |
Medium colour, tannin and acidity Full bodied, rich, high alcohol Black fruit and dried fruit sweet spice(cloves liquorice) |
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Pinotage - discuss |
Close relative of Pinot Noir South Africa like it Moderate to hot climate Rich, full bodied, medium tannin Red fruit (strawberry raspberries cherry) Vegetal/animal (leather, tar) |
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Carmenère - discuss |
Originally Bordeaux variety Popular in Chile Deep colour, medium to high acidity and alcohol High tannins Medium to Full bodied Black fruit spice Under ripe =vegetal (green Bell pepper, beans) Often blended with cab Sauv and Merlot (Bordeaux style) |
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Malbec - discuss |
Originally from Bordeaux Common in Argentina (Mendoza) Full bodied Med to high tannins Black fruit and spice Suitable for oak ageing Often blended with Merlot and/or cab sauv |
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Where in France do you find Pinot Gris |
Alsace |
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Describe Pinot Gris in France |
Full bodied Dry, off dry, medium and sweet variations Tropical fruit, bananas, melon, sweet spice like ginger and honey |
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Describe Pinot Grigio in Italy |
Dry Medium to High acidity green fruit and citrus Light to medium body |
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Italy's most widely planted white grape? |
Trebbiano |
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Describe Trebbiano |
High acidity Light bodied Dry Neutral inexpensive |
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Describe Verdicchio |
Dry High acididty Medium body Citrus (lemon), herbal (fennel) butter almond |
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Discuss Gavi DOCG |
Gavi is in Piedmont Italy. Grape grown there is CORTESE Dry Light bodied High acidity Green fruit (apple) and citrus |
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Famous white wine from Piedmont? |
Cortese grape Wine called Gavi Dry, light bodied, high acidity Curtis and green fruit |
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Famous white wine from Veneto? |
Garganega is the grape Wine is Soave Medium body High acidity Green fruit, spice (white pepper) and floral (chamomile) Unoaked |
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What is Garganega grape used for? |
Soave DOCG in Veneto |
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Soave DOCG uses which grape variety |
Garganega |
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Cortese grapes make which wine from where? |
Gavi. DOCG Piedmonte |
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Gavi DOCG uses which grape variety |
Cortese |
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Chenin Blanc-describe |
Cool to hot climates Medium to high acidity Susceptible to noble rot Main regions in France Vouvray AC in Loire Valley |
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Main white wine found in Loire Valley? |
Chenin Blanc (Vouvray) Melon Blanc (Muscadet) |
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Describe Melon Blanc |
Often found in Loire Valley (Muscadet) Medium body Dry Light neutral fruit Medium to high acidity |
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What do South Africa do differently with their Chenin Blanc? |
They often oak it. Hotter climate so their fruit has more tropical fruit flavours and blend with Chardonnay to help sell it to global market |
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Muscadet AC uses whigh grape variety and what wine making method is often used? |
Melon Blanc Sur Lié (adds body and complexity) |
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Describe Viognier |
Soft, Full bodied Aromatic white wine Low acidity High alcohol Fruit and floral flavours (peach, pear, apricot, violet) Spicy notes Main region is Northern Rhône Also found in Chile, Argentina, Australia and California. |
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Where is Albarino found? |
Spain Rías Baixas |
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What white grape is found in Rías Baixas? |
Albarino |
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Where in Australia do you find Sémillon? |
Hunter Valley (NSW)
Dry Light bodied High acidity Low alcohol neutral fruit with citrus Maturity brings toast nuts and honey |
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Where do you usually find Gewurztraminer? |
Alsace (France)
Low acidity Full bodied, high alcohol Intensely Perfumed and aromatic Rose, orange blossom Green fruits to Stone fruit to tropical fruits Dryness/sweetness varies
NZ also do some good Gewurz
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Where do you find torrontes? |
Argentina Cafayate ( in the northern province of Salta) Dry Medium body High alcohol Medium acidity Perfume, grapes, peach |
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What white wine do you find in Cafayate |
Torrontes |
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What is yeast autolysis? |
Process whereby lees in bottle slowly release flavours. Used in sparkling wines when bottle Fermentation done. |
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What are 'autolytic flavours'? |
Flavours released into the wine during the months or even years that the lees are left in the sparkling wine bottle, undergoing autolysis |
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In Champagne AC, what is the minimum period of yeast autolysis? |
12 months |
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Traditional method made sparkling wines from outside of Champagne AC but within France are called what? |
Crémant |
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Outside of Champagne, where in France is most pop lar for sparkling wines? |
Loire Valley- Saumur |
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Describe Cava Where from including region Taste Varietals |
Spanish term for Sparkling Wine. Main grape varieties are local Spanish grapes. Fairly neutral fruit flavours (perhaps a hint of pear) Medium acid (less than French) Very little autolytic complexity Most Cava comes from Catalunya. |
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What does Méthode Cap Classique mean and where is the term from? |
South African way of saying traditional method of sparkling wine making. |
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Prosecco - discuss |
Sparkling wine from north-eastern Italy. Usually made using tank method (bottle method does exist though). Grape type =Glera Medium bodies, dry to off-dry. Delicate stone fruit flavours Fully sparkling (spumante) to lightly (frizzante) |
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Asti DOCG - discuss |
Asti DOCG is a sweet, fruity light-bodied sparkling from Piedmont. Made with Muscat grapes. Intense floral and fruity (peach grape rose) Usually spumante. If labelled Moscato d'Asti it just has light sparkle, lower in alcohol, higher in sugar. |
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What is different ajout Moscato d'Asti compared to other Asti DOCG wines? |
Lighter in fizz and alcohol Sweeter |
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What does Sekt mean? |
Sparkling wine in German |
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Common grape varieties susceptible to noble rot? |
Riesling, Sémillon and Chenin Blanc |
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Where is Sauternes AC and what is it known for? Include grape varieties and wine description |
Sauternes AC is in Bordeaux, southern part of Left back, in Graves AC. Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc are grown here and typically blended to make a full bodied, high sweetness/acidity balanced wine. Citrua, stone fruit, lemon, peach Oak ageing adds a hint of vanilla, toast coffee Honey if aged. |
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What is made from the Palomino grape? |
Sherry |
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What grape is used for making sherry? |
Palomino Neutral dry white wine, low acidity |
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Describe Fino sherry |
Pale in colour Dry Medium bodied Approx 15% alcohol To be consumed young Sometimes have citrus zest/almond flavours from the Flor |
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What is a pale cream sherry ? |
A fino sherry that has been sweetened with concentrated grape juice |
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How is Amontillado sherry made |
Fino or Manzanilla sherry is fortified further to the point that the Flor dies. With no protection, the wine begins to oxidise. |
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Manzanilla sherry that has been fortified to the stage where Flor dies and wine begins to oxidise is called what? |
Amontillado Sherry |
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What are sweet Amontillado sherries labelled as? |
'Medium' |
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Describe the common flavour profile and appearance of Amontillado sherry |
Deeper amber colour Nutty flavours |
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Describe how Oloroso sherry is made and describe appearance/flavour |
After fermentation of wine, it is fortified to 18% so Flor never grows. Oxidation results in intense Kernel and animal flavours (roasted nuts, coffee beans, meat) Deep brown Full bodied High alcohol Dry Sweetened version called Cream
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What is a sweetened Oloroso sherry labelled as |
Cream |
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How is Pedro Ximénez made? |
Sun-dried Pedro Ximénez grapes used instead of Palomino |
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How is Port made? |
Port is made from a blend of black grape varieties. Colour and tannins extracted rapidly and whilst still high sugar content in the must, grape-derived spirit is added. This kills yeast, stops fermentation and results in a sweet strong rich red that us aged in barrels before blending and Bottling. The maturation process di têtes the type being made Ruby Vintage Tawny |
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Where will you find Côtes du Rhône (+Villages)and Châteauneuf du Pape? What wine are they famous for? |
Southern Rhone Syrah/Granache |
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If you are in Languedoc or Minervois where are you and what are you drinking? |
Pays d'oc France Syrah/Granache |
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Where is Saint-Émilion and what wine is it known for? |
Right Bank Bordeaux Merlot dominant Bordeaux blends |
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Where is Pomerol and what wine is it known for? |
Right Bank Bordeaux Merlot dominant Bordeaux blends |
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Pouilly-Fuissé commune is found where and famous for what? |
Mâconnais in southern Burgandy. Famous for Chardonnay |
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Mersault is where and famous for what? |
Côté de Beaune in Burgandy Famous for Chardonnay |
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Ribera del Duero DO is found where and famous for what wine? |
Spain (Tempranillo) |
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Where is Rioja DOCa and what grape/wine is it famous for? |
Spain Tempranillo and Granacha |
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Where is Navarra DO and what wine/grape is it famous for? |
Spain Tempranillo +international varieties |
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Where is Catalunya and what wine/grapes is it famous for? |
Spain (Tempranillo +Granacha +international varieties) |
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Which red with high tannin and acid do we think about that green tea element for tannin restriction? |
Sangiovese |
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