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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sacred
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Set apart for worship of a deity or as worthy of worship
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Profane
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Nonreligious.
OUtside the Sphere of Religion. Contemptuous of Religion |
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Secular
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Not spiritual or religious
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Myth
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Story dealing with supernatural beings that represents the worldview of a people.
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Epic
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A narrative poem celebrating the acts of a traditional hero.
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Rituals
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Prescribed religious ceremonies
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Scriptures
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Sacred writings
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Rite of Passage
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A prescribed ceremonial act or series of acts.
The sign that a person is passing from one stage of life to another. |
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Vedas
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Hinduism.
Knowledge or wisdom. Scriptures |
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Dravidians
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Hinduism
Dark-skinned inhabitants of India. They differed from the light -skinned Arayans who entered from the northwest |
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Arayans
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Hinduism
Indo-Europeans who entered the Indus Valley prior to 1000 BCE. They expressed their evolving religion in the hymns of the rig-veda |
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Varna
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Hinduism
Color once associated with caste |
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Caste
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Hinduism
Permanent social group into which a person is born. Social and religious obligations are determined for a lifetime by caste. |
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Shruti
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Hinduism
Sacred Writings, such as the Vedas, based on what Hindu writers "heard" in revelation. These writings are revealed knowledge. |
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Brahmanas
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Hinduism
Commentaries and manuals prepared to instruct priests in the rites associated with the Vedas. |
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Aranyakas
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Hinduism
A philosophical section interpreting ritual of the Vedas for ascetics living in the forest. |
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Upanishads
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Hinduism
Sitting closely to a teacher; the last of the Vedas. |
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Vedanda
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Hinduism
The end of the Vedas. A name for schools of philosophy founded on teachings of the Upanishads. |
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Agamas
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Hinduism
Scriptures from tradition. These writings divide according to the deity worshipped in each |
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Manu
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Hinduism
The first man |
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Itihasa-Purana
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Hinduism
Ancient. 18 Puranas honor Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu |
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Mahabharta
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Hinduism
A long epic powm featuring activities of the god Krishna |
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Ramayana
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Hinduism
An epic of the ideal man, Rama, and Sita the ideal woman. |
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Purusha
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Hinduism
Primal spirit, or soul of an individual |
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Agni
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Hinduism
Fire The Vedic god of fire. |
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Indra
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Hinduism
Agod of the Rig-Veda. The Creator and ruler of the universe |
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Soma
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Hinduism
Hindu deity of a plant that was intoxicating. In the Vedas soma was used in worship |
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Varuna
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Hinduism
Rig-Veda god of the high-arched sky. |
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Rita
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Hinduism
God of order and priciples |
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Mitra
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Hinduism
A deity of the Vedas. A god of faithfulness and keeping promises. |
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Brahmin
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Hinduism
name of the highest, priestly caste. After the aryans were settled in India, the priests became more important than the warriors of the Kshatriya caste |
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Brahman
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Hinduism
The highest diety, the Absolute |
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Maya
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Hinduism
Appearance or illusion; power of creation |
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Guru
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Hinduism
teacher of religous duties. For a student the guru represents the divine in human form |
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Prakriti
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Hinduism
it refers to matter, as oppoosed to purusha(spirit) |
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Moksha
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Hinduism
The release of the sould from a cycle of rebirths. It is one of the four acceptable goals of life for hindus |
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saguna Brahman
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Hinduism
Form of Brahman with personlike qualities |
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nirguna Brahman
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Hinduism
Brahman as himself...without attributes(impersonal) |
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Kalpa
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Hinduism
a long period of the created world. one world ends and a new period begins with another creation |
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Reincarnation
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Hinduism
the soul leaves one body at death and is reborn in a new body. The soul remains the same. |
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Law of Karma
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Hinduism
The inexorable principle in hinduism that a person's thoughts and deeds are followed eventually by desereved pleasure or pain. |
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Samsara
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Hinduism
Concept of the wheel of rebirth that turms forever. Souls are reborn until they reach perfection |
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Shudra
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Hinduism
the fourth caste, laborers. not even permitted to hear the readings of the Vedas. |
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Vaishya
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Hinduism
The third hindu caste, that of merchants and artisans. Its members participate in the Vedic practices of religion. |
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Kshatriya
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Hinduism
Caste of Warriors and administrators. Originally highest caste but later subordinate to the Brahmins. |
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Krishna
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Hinduism
An incarnation of Vishnu, who is also the chariot driver of the warrior arjuna of the Bhagavad Gita |
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Yoga
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Hinduism
a path of discipline, four disciplines lead to release from rebirth |
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Jnana Yoga
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Hinduism
Path of release based on intellectual knowledge. Jnana yoga appeals to people who emphasize rational understanding of religious beliefs. |
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Bhakti Yoga
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Hinduism
Personal devotion to deity. A path that leads to salvation |
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Samadhi
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Hinduism
Concentration that unifies: absorption |
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Sannyasin
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Hinduism
one in the last stage of renunciation or detatchment |
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Puranas
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Hinduism
"Ancient Lore" treatises or the deities of popular hinduism |
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Brahma
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Hinduism
Ultimate reality, the creator |
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Vishnu
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Hinduism
The Supreme Lord; the preserver |
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Shiva
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Hinduism
The Auspicious. Ultimate Lord; the destroyer |
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Tantras
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Hinduism
Religious treatises for developing latent powers in persons. Dialogues between Shiva and Shakti |
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Laws of Manu
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Hinduism
Hindu code of conduct compliled about 200 b.c.e to 200 c.e. |
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Avidya
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Hinduism
Ignorance, not seeing things as they are |
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Untouchable
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Hinduism
a person, often Shudra who is considered to impure by the upper caste to allow physical contact. it is has been abolished |
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Henotheism
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A belief that affirms one deity without denying the existence of others.
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Samskaras
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Hinduism
The sacraments or rites by which a Hindu is fully integrated into the community |
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Upanayana
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Hinduism
The initiation rite indicateing that a boy is a twice born person. |
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Janeu
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Hinduism
Sacred thread worn by the three upper castes |
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Vivaha
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Hinduism
Marriage, the rite of entry into the second stage (ashram) that of householder. |
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Antyesti
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Hinduism
Funerals, last rites |
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Shraddha
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Hinduism
Last rites. the prescribed ritual for the deceased |
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Puja
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Hinduism
Worship. Worship of household deitieis. Brahmins often performed rituals desired by householders. The ritual worship of India. |
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Dharma
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Buddhism
Law. Religion. One's support. Law of the Universe. Law of the tradition taught by the buddha |
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Maya
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Buddhism
Queen, the mother of the buddha |
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Siddharta Gautama
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Buddhism
The Buddha |
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Suddhodana
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Buddhism
King, Father of the Buddha |
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Yashodhara
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Buddhism
wife of Siddharta Gautama |
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Bodhgaya
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Buddhism
a temple that commemorates the grove where the buddha found enlightenment |
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Dukkha
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Buddhism
term for the suffering of humans and other sentient beings |
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Tanha
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Buddhism
Thirst or craving that leads to suffering. In the Second Noble Truth it is revealed as the cause of suffering |
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Eightfold Path
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Buddhism
The Fourth Noble Truth, the path of deliverance |
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Jhana
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Buddhism
Meditation, or the states reached in buddhist meditation |
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Skandhas
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Buddhism
Strands, similar strands of fiber in a skein of yarn. Bodies sense organs |
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Pratitya-samutpada
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Buddhism
Doctrine of dependant origination. It explains the experienced universe without resorting either to chance or a first cause |
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Karma
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Buddhism
The law that a persons thoughts and deeds are followed eventually by deserved pleasure or pain. mostly psychological terms in buddhism. |
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Nirvana
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Buddhism
The state of being free of egocentrism and the suffering that it causes |
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Tathagata
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Buddhism
A title of the Buddha, meaning the one who has thus gone. |
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Tripitaka
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Buddhism
The "three baskets" collection of BUddhist scriptures. Comprimised of the "Vinya Pitaka" (monastic rules), "Sutta Pitaka" (discourses), and the "Abhidhamma Pitaka" (supplement to the doctrines) |
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Theravadins
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Buddhism
The Elders, monks who imitated the Buddhas ascetic life to attain enlightment |
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Mahayanists
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Buddhism
Those of the great vehicle, who emphasized universal Buddhist enlightenment. |
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Jatakas
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Buddhism
Stories of the previous lives of the Buddha, which were collected and used in teachings of Theravadin monks |
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Bodhisattvas
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Buddhism
People who have qualified to enter Nirvan, but who, out of their compassion for others remain available to help others |
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Nagarjuna
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Buddhism
Philosopher of the second century c.e. who established the madhyamika school of philosophy. |
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Madhyamika
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Buddhism
Philosophy that the phenomenal objects one experiences are not ultimately real. School founded by Nagarjuna |
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Asanga
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Buddhism
Responsible for making famous in the fourth century c.e. the Yogacara school of buddhist philosophy that was founded by Maitreyantha |
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Yogacara
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Buddhism
School of philosophy that teaches taht neither the phenomenal world nor the mind is real. Founded by Maitreyantha in the third century, made famous by Asanga in the fourth |
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Ashoka
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Buddhism
This king, who reigned in India 273-232 bce sponsored buddhist missionary activities |
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Tian Tai
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Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhist sect of China (and Japan) that is based on the Lotus Sutra. All beings can actualize their Buddha Nature and become buddhas |
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Zhiyi (Chi-kai or Chi-i)
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Buddhism
The monk who founded the Tian Tai sect of Buddhism in China |
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Hua-Yen
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Buddhism
The chinese buddhist sect whose primary buddha is Vairocana. The school had a holistic view of Buddha nature and the universe |
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Jingtu (ching-t'u)
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Buddhism
Pure land, Western Paradise. It believes in Sukhavati, which is ruled bby Amitabha Buddha (in Japan this sect is Jodo) |
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Amitabha (Amida)
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Buddhism
Buddha who presides over western paradise. |
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Guan Yin
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Buddhism
Bodhisattva of mercy, is also known as Avalokiteshvara. She is placed beside Amitabha as his attendant |
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Bodhidharma
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Buddhism
The monk who brought meditative buddhism to China His example inspired Chan (zen) Buddhism |
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Chan
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Buddhism
CHinese Buddhist school of mediitation founded by Bodhidharma |
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Zen
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Buddhism
Japanese Buddhist meditiation sect (in china its chan) that was based on the practices of of the Indian Buddhist, Bodhidharma |
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Saicho (Dengyo Daishi)
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Buddhism
The monk who introduced Tendai (T'ien-T'ai) Buddhism in Japan. He helped the emperor Kwammu establish a new capital at Kyoto, diminishing the power of the Buddhist at Nara |
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Kukai (Kobo Daishi)
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Buddhism
9th Century founder of the Jap Buddhist Shingon sect. All buddhas are emanantions of the great sun, Vairocana (Dainichi in Japan) |
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Shingon
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Buddhism
Japanese for the chinese Chen Yen school of Buddhism. It Taught that matter and other Buddhas emanate from Vairocana |
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Vairocana
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Japanese Buddhism
The sun, who is also buddha. It is also Dainichi and Amaterasu |
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Mantra
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Buddhism
Special formula of words recited worship |
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Mudras
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Buddhism
Special positions of hands used in worship |
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Ryonin
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Buddhism
In early 12th century, founder of Amida worship in Japan |
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Jodo
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Japanese Buddhism
Pure land Founded by the monk Genku Salvation comes thru grace and faith |
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Genku (Honen Shonin)
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Buddhism
Founded Jodo, trained at Tendai monestaries at MT. Hiei |
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Hozo Bosatsu
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Buddhism
In Shinran Buddhism, a meritorious person who became Amida Buddha |
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Shinran
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Buddhism Japan
Genku's Disciple who established the Jodo-shin Sect of Buddhism in Japan |
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Dhyana
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Buddhism
Mental concentration, meditation |
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Satori
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Japanese Buddhism
Term for zen buddhist enlightenment |
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Koan
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Buddhism
A problem used by Zen Buddhists to reduce dependance on ordinary ways of thinking about self and the universe |
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Nichiren
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Buddhism
A monk in Jpan who established a school based on the Lotus Sutra |
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Bon
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Buddhism Tibet
Ancient animistic religion of Tibet |
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Tara
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Buddhism Tibet
The popular mohter goddes of Tibet, associated with Avalokiteshvara, the Lord Who Looks Down. |
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Kalachakra
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Buddhism Tibet
The space-time doctrine in Tibet. The whole universe is related in its flow to the vital currents of the human body |
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Nyingmapa
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Buddhism Tibet
The Red Hat Buddhists of TIbet. Thier Buddhism retained an element of pre-Buddhist beliefs and practices |
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Gelugpa
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Buddhism Tibet
Yellow Hats, reformed the practices of the Nyingmapa. |
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Lama
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Buddhism Tibet
Supreme Being, highest priest in Tibetan Buddhism |
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U Nu
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Buddhism
20th Century Buddhist leader in Burma, active in the United Nations |
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Soka Gakkai
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Buddhism Japan
Value Creation Society, buddhist laypeople |
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Makiguchi (Tsunesaburo)
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Buddhism Japan
Founder of Soka Gakkai in 1937 |
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Anicca
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Buddhism
Impermanence. The Buddhist Doctrine that there are no permanent entities. All phenomena continuously change. |
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Trikaya
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Buddhism
Three bodies of Buddha. the first was indescribable the second is the almost divine body in which the Buddha appeared to the Mahayana faithful the third was his appearance as a human being |
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Anatta
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Buddhism
Pali word for no soul, or sanskrit for no Atman |
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Maitreya
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Buddhism East Asia
The next Buddha to appear on Earth. |
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Shvetambaras
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Jainism
The Jains who follow the tradition that aloows monks to wear clothes. Also believe women can obtain release from life without being reborn as men. |
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Digambaras
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Jainism
Monks do not wear clothing Also believe women must be reborn as men in order to obtain release. |
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Tirthankara
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Jainism
A spiritual leader who has found the crossing, or ford, to the farther shore |
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Jina
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Jainism
A peson who has conquered rebirth. Mahavira was a Jina |
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Ishatpragbhara
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Jainism
The Jain state beyond life and death. |
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Agamas
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Jainism
The collection of Jain scriptures, it is subdivided into three categories: Purva, Anga, and Angabahya |
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Loka
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Jainism
The Universe where categories of sentient beings are reborn |
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Trioka
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Jainism
The areas of the Universe considered together. Upper, middle and lower. |
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Jiva
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Jainism
The soul. Opposite of ajiva (body) A monad is a single unit of basic substance. |
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Ajiva or Nonjiva
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Jainism
Category of existence that is insentient; lacking soul. |
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Ahimsa
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Jainism
The Sanskrit word that is translated "nonviolence." Reverence for all living things |
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Sallekhana
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Jainism
A holy death achieved by fasting. |
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Sthanakvasis
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Jainism
A sext of Jains that separated from the Shvetambaras over use of idols in worship. |
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Kabir
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Sikhism
A muslim who believed that God can save anyone of any caste from the law of Karma |
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Sant
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Sikhism
A punjabi tradition based on Bhakti worship of Vishnu |
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Japji
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Sikhism
Hymn recited in devotions every morning. A guide for Sikh conduct |
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Guru (Sikh)
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Sikhism
One of ten early spiritual leaders. God is the one true guru |
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Singh
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Sikhism
Gobid the 10th Guru initiated this term meaning "lion" of the Sikhs. These men are willing to die for their faith |
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Adi Granth
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Sikhism
Scriptures, comprised of guru hymns |
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Gurdwara
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Sikhism
A place of worship, fellowship, and hospitality. Also the title for a Sikh priest |
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Bhais
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Sikhism
Brothers of a Sikh gurdwara who assist in worship. Another title for a Sikh priest |
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Nihangs
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Sikhism
Those with military skills, always ready to fight for the community. |
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Yang
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Taoism
In China, the male side of the Dao. It is exemplified in bright, warm and dry conditions. It is opposite of Yin |
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Yin
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Taoism
In China, the female side of the Dao (Tao) Exemplified by dark, cool, and moist conditions. Opposite of Yang |
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Dao (Tao)
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Taoism
The path, course, or way to the universe. Although its influence is in nature, the eternal Dao is believed to be hidden from empirical experience. |
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Yijing (I Ching)
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Taoism
An ancient book of CHina that assists people in deciding how to plan their lives in accord with the forces of the universe. It influences both Taoism and Confucianism |
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Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching)
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Taoism
The Way and Its Power. A book attributed to Laozi, founder of Daoism |
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Laozi (Lao Tzu)
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Taoism
The sage of China once bleieved to have been the author of the Dao De Jing. Regarded as the founder of Taoism |
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Wuwei
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Taoism
Principle of accomplishing tasks without assertion. Individuals in harmony with the flow of the Tao can accomplish more than individuals who assert themselves. |
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Zhuangzi
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Taoism
A later Taoist. Wrote to distinguish Taoism from Confucianism. |
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Shang Di
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Taoism
The lord of heaven. Ancestors are believed to be obedient to Shang Di as libing persons are to the emperor. |
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Jade Emperor
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Taoism
Mythical emperor of ancient China. In 1012 C.E. the emperor Chen Tsung claimed to have recieved revelation from Huang Di, the Jade emperor. |
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Zaoshen (Tao Shen)
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Taoism
The god of the stove. The stove was the essential in family life and in work of the Daoist alchemists. |
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Three Purities
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Taoism
Three deities of Daoism: Ling Bao, the Jade Emperor, and Lao Tzu. |
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Taixi (T'ai-hsi)
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Taoism
Art of embryonic breathing, a method of holding ones breath in contemplation |
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Shouyi (shou-i)
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Taoism
To preserve the One, or to meditate on the One. |
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Confucius
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Confucianism
Kongfuzi, Chinese founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE). Primarily a teacher, he sought to develop good governmnet through a responsible rule and ethical people. |
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Junzi (chin-tzu)
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Confucianism
The gentleman or superior man. He was a role model for the conduct of the Chinese people |
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Li Ji (Li Chi)
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Confucianism
The Chinese Classic on rites supposedly edited by COnfucius. Although one of five confucian classics, it is now regarded as coming from a period later than Confucius. |
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Li
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Confucianism
Principle of righteousness or propriety. Li can refer to ritual and correct conduct in society |
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The Five Relationships
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Confucianism
Ruler-Subject Husband-Wife Father-Son Older Brother-Younger Brother Elder Friend-Younger Friend |
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Yi
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Confucianism
Internalized Li, or righteousness; Li as it has become a part of an individuals conduct. |
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Ren (jen)
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Confucianism
Juman principle, based on fellow-feeling. It is having deep empathy or compassion for other humans |
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Shu
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Confucianism
Reciprocity Individuals treating others as they would like to be treated. |
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Mohists
|
Confucianism
Followers of Mozi (Mo Tzu). Advocated curing the ills of society by practicing mutual love among people. Confucians objected to Mohist universal love because it did not allow for special feeling for kin. |
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Mozi (Mo Tzu)
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Confucianism Related
Founder of Mohist philosophy. Principle of sharing essentials of food, clothing and shelter |
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Fajia (Fa-Chia or Legalists)
|
Confucianism Related
Philosophy that taught governance by reward and punishment |
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Han Feizi
|
Confucianism Related
Representative of Legalist thought. He taught that people were governed best by a ruler who harshly enforced rigid laws. |
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Zhongyong (chung yung)
|
Confucianism
Doctrine of the constant mean, the path between extremes of conduct. Superior man avoids excess. |
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Mengzi (Menicus)
|
Confucianism
A later disciple of Confucius who emphasized an inborn goodness of humans. He differed from Xunzi, who argued that men are born evil. |
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Xunzi (Hsun Tsu)
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Confucianism
Confucian who argued that humnans are evil by nature and must be taught good rather than evil. Opposite thoughts of Menicus |
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Zhuxi (Chu Hsi)
|
Confucianism
Leader of the neo-Confucian revival in the 12th century |
|
Taiji (Tai Chi)
|
Confucianism
Great Ultimate in Zhuxi's philosophy. It is the rational law, or Li, that works within everything |
|
Sun Yat-sen
|
Confucianism
Leader of the republic in China after the fall of the Manchus in the 19th century. Reasserted Confucian Values |
|
Chiang K'ai Shek
|
Confucianism
Leader of Nationalist China (until 1949, when he fleed to Taiwan to escape the Communists Coupe) Also preserved Confucian virtue |
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Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
|
Confucianism
Leader of Chinese Communists. Strongly critized confucianism. Thought it was backward thinking. |