Modern Orthodoxy, countering the Reform movement, adhered more firmly to the practices and beliefs of Judaism. Orthodox Judaism proclaimed the Torah to be the divinely revealed word of God, dictated to Moses on Mount Sinai (Shamir 2015, p.218). This meant that neither the Torah nor the Talmud could not be subjected to any criticism or reinterpretation. Nevertheless, Modern Orthodox Jews did still begin to integrate with Gentile society (De Lange and Freud-Kandel 2005, p.83), whilst keeping their own laws. Despite its rejection of criticism and autonomy, Modern Orthodoxy is considered a modern movement due to its basis in intellectualism and it stands between traditionalism and modernism (De Lange 2010,
Modern Orthodoxy, countering the Reform movement, adhered more firmly to the practices and beliefs of Judaism. Orthodox Judaism proclaimed the Torah to be the divinely revealed word of God, dictated to Moses on Mount Sinai (Shamir 2015, p.218). This meant that neither the Torah nor the Talmud could not be subjected to any criticism or reinterpretation. Nevertheless, Modern Orthodox Jews did still begin to integrate with Gentile society (De Lange and Freud-Kandel 2005, p.83), whilst keeping their own laws. Despite its rejection of criticism and autonomy, Modern Orthodoxy is considered a modern movement due to its basis in intellectualism and it stands between traditionalism and modernism (De Lange 2010,