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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
intervertebral foramina
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transmit the spinal nerves from the vertebrae
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What innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back; Also posterior head and neck?
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dorsal rami of spinal nerves
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Extrinsic back (superficial and intermediate) and
Upper & Lower limbs are NN by what? |
ventral rami of spinal nerves
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*dermatome
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region of skin NN by a single spinal nerve
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Is the vertebral column a part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?
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axial, which also includes the cranium, rib cage, sternum; appendicular is all other bones
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vertebral column tapers at which vertebra
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SII
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primary curves of the vertebral column
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thoracic kyphosis and sacral ky; secondary are cervical and lumbar
think: primary, developed first |
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hunchback v.s. swayback
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excessive thoracic kyphosis (contributing: poor posture, compression fracture due to osteoporosis)
v.s. excessive lumbar lordosis (contributing: poor postural habit, muscle imbalances (weak abdominal muscles), large abdomen (obesity and pregnancy)) |
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scoliosis
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-lateral curvature of the spine in the frontal plane; always associated with rotation
-It causes a rib hump on convex side when a person bends forward (posterior view) -The spinous processes point toward the concavity of the abnormal lateral curvature |
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scoliosis can result from:
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-congenital disorders (e.g. hemivertebra)
-muscular disorders (cerebral palsy, poliomylitis) -idiopathic (unknown cause) |
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spina bifida
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vertebral arch open; s.b. occulta, commonest: asymptomatic, tuft of hair
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type of joint for vertebral bodies and intervertebral disk
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symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)
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zygopaphysial joints are what type of joints?
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synovial, fluid filled; inner synovial membrane produces nutrient rich fluid and outer fibrous membrane confers pain (nociception) and proprioception
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inferior and superior to the vertebral bodies lies ___, before the intervertebral disk
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hyaline cartilage
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annulus fibrosis composed of what?
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layers of (fibrocartilage) concentric laminae, which consist of fibers which alternate directions for strength
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nucleus pulposis is an embryonic remnant of what?
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notocord
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In what regions is the anterior part of the intervertebral disc is thicker than the posterior?
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cervical and lumbar
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a herniated L4-L5 intervertebral disk likely compress which spinal nerve?
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L5 spinal nerve
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joints of Luschka
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-Uncovertebral joints, C3-C6
-Site of arthritic changes (spur formation) |
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ligamentum flava
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-between laminae
-made of mostly elastic fibers, therefore resists flexion & aids in extension |
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What aspect of intervertebral disk is vulnerable to herniation?
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posterolateral
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Regional variation in articular facet planes: cervical
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-region of most mobility
-flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation -this region allows most flexion |
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Regional variation in articular facet planes: thoracic
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lateral bending, rotation, limited flexion extension
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Regional variation in articular facet planes: lumbar
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flexion extension, lateral bending, limited rotation
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1/2 of all cervical roation is permitted by what one joint?
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AA joint
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nodding occurs mainly due to what joint?
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atlantoccipital joint
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rupture of the transverse ligament is likely to cause what?
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spinal cord compression
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tectorial membrane is an extension of what?
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posterior longitudinal ligament
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AA joint is what type of joint?
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synovial
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How many sacral vertebrae present in lumbarization?
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4
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How many sacral vertebrae present in sacralization?
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6
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Scottie dog
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-neck: pars interarticularis
-eye: pedicle -ear: superior articular process -head & nose: transverse process -legs: inferior articular processes -body: spinous process |
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spondylolysis
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-scottie dog has a collar in oblique radiograph
-fracture of pars interarticularis |
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spondylolisthesis
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-scottie dog is decapitated
-bilateral fracture of par interarticularis -anterior shift of vertebra relative to the one below |
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spinal stenosis
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-abnormal narrowing of vertebral foramina
-may cause spinal cord or spinal nerve compression |
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vertebral a. passes through what in cervical vertebrae
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transverse foramina of C6-C1, * skipping the transverse foramen of C7
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C3-C6
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-bifid spinous processes &
-uncinate processes |
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If you are checking a patient for a fracture of the dens, what view clearly demonstrates the atlas and axis vertebrae with the dens?
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upper cervical AP radiograph
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Superior costal facet articulates with what?
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rib of same vertebral level, e.g. superior costal process of T2 articulates with 2nd rib
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Articular facet on transverse processes articulates with what?
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tubercle of corresponding rib
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Ribs 11 & 12 articulate with what?
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each articulates with a single costal facet of corresponding vertebra
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unique processes of lumbar vertebrae
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mammillary and accessory processes
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what sacral structure is sometimes used to deliver epidural anesthesia?
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sacral hiatus
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Where does cauda equina reside?
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sacral canal
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Does sacrum contain intervertebral foramina?
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yes, the sacral spinal nerves reside here
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Where are the costal elements of cervical and lumbar vertebrae incorporated?
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transverse processes
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