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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does PMAT stand for? |
The phases of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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What is mitosis? What happens in each phase of mitosis? |
The process by which animal cells divide, creating two identical daughter cells; Prophase- chromatin 'press' together Metaphase- chromosomes move to 'middle' Anaphase- chromosomes move 'away' from the middle Telophase- 'two' nuclei are present |
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What are the 3 phases in the cell cycle? |
Interphase- cell growth and DNA replication ( cells spends most of its time in this phase Mitosis- cell division/reproduction Cytokinesis- 2 separate cells |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Moving of a substance across the cell membrane through a protein channel from high to low concentration (no energy). Diffusion can be just the natural moving of a substance through a membrane from high to low concentration, without a protein channel. |
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Osmosis |
Moving of water molecules across a permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration |
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What is passive transport? Name two types. |
Movement of particles across a cell membrane with out using energy 1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion |
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Carrier protein |
A protein in in the cell membrane that lets a particle in, when chemical energy allows the protein to change shape Type of Active transport |
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What is this? |
A protein channel- an opening in the cell membrane used to transport larger substances in and out of the cell. |
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What are amino acids? |
Building blocks of proteins |
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What is a selectively permeable membrane? |
A type of membrane that lets some things in and keeps somethings out. |
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Endocytosis |
When a cell brings something in by engulfing (closing around)a substance and drawing it into the cytoplasm. |
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Exocytosis |
When a cell releases a substance by forming a membrane (vesicle) around it. |
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Spindle Fibers |
Fibers made from microtubules that line the chromosomes up in the middle, then pull them to opposite sides of the nucleus during mitosis, dividing the chromosomes. |
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Name the parts of an animal (eukaryotic) cell and their basic function. |
Plasma membrane- covering, lets things in/out Mitochrondria- powerhouse- energy Golgi apparatus (body)- sort/package proteins Lysosome- eat waste, digestive enzymes Endoplasmic reticulum ER- chemical reactions Rough ER- ribsomes make proteins with DNA instructions Nucleus- contains DNA, control center, brain |
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What type of solutions are the cells in and what happens to the cell in each of these solutions? |
A. Isotonic- there is an equal amount of solute inside and outside the cell- water moves in and out at same rate, cell stays the same size B. Hypotonic- there is more solute inside the cell, making water go in to balance, cell swells C. Hypertonic- more solute outside cell, water goes out to balance, cell shrinks |
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What is ADP? |
Adenisone Di-Phosphate: two phosphate bonds, can add a third phosphate to make ATP |
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How is ATP used to make energy? |
Energy is required to add a 3rd phosphate group to ADP to make ATP; when the bond is broken, the energy stored in the bond is released. ADP is what is left and can be used again to make ATP. |