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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 reasons for intravenous access are
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-fluid replacement
-medication administration -blood administration |
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Considerations for IV site selection are
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distal first
non-dominant side splinted area soft and straight good blood flow |
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Areas to avoid with IV site
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areas of infiltration or redness
mastectomy or graft sides scars or lesions areas of frequent motion |
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The ____ vein is one of the best veins available because it is large and the forearm provides a natural splint.
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cephalic
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A 22 gauge catheter is ____ than a 14 gauge catheter.
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smaller
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To deliver large amounts of fluid you should select a large vein and use a ____ catheter.
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14-16 gauge
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To administer medications a ____ gauge catheter in a smaller vein will work.
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18-22
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A ____ catheter is about 8 inches long, threaded into SVC, for short term IV use and can be kept in arm up to 4 weeks.
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midline
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Redness at site or along vein, warm to touch, pain, edema, sluggish flow, hard, red, cordlike vein are S/Sx of ______.
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phlebitis
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Tx for phlebitis is
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heat.
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Tx of infiltration is
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ice and elevation
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Tx of extravasation is
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ice and try to aspirate as much drug as possible. Elevate extremity and administer antidote.
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Regitine is indicated for the prevention or treatment of dermal necrosis following IV administration and extravasation of _____.
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norepinephrine
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A _____ agent is one that is irritating and causes blistering.
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vesicant
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_____ drugs are cytotoxic.
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Chemotherapeutic
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IM injections are ___ degrees.
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90
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SQ injections are ____ degrees.
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45
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Intradermal injections are ____ degrees.
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15
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___ are the primary carrier of oxygen.
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RBCs
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____ are substances that stop or prevent bleeding.
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Platelets
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____ replaces blood volume and clotting factors.
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Plasma
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____ are substances in the blood that help it thicken/clot.
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Clotting factors
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___ is a concentrate of clotting factors.
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Cryoprecipitate
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____ is the yellow liquid portion of blood.
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Plasma
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Packed red cells have most of the ___ and other cells are removed.
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plasma
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A ____ reaction occurs from incompatible blood. S/Sx are backache, hypotension, dyspnea, cyanosis, chills and fever.
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hemolytic
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Tx for hemolytic reaction is
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stop blood immediately, run NS, call MD, keep blood bag for analysis, monitor VS and I and O
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____ blood reaction is sensitivity to WBCs, platelets, or plasma proteins. S/sx are fever, chills, muscle aches, h/a, flushing.
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Febrile
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Tx for febrile reaction is
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D/c infusion and give antipyretics
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____ reactions can be mild or severe. Mild is due to sensitivity to plasma proteins. Severe is an antigen-antibody reaction.
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Allergic
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S/Sx of circulatory overload are
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cough, crackles, hypertension, JVD, tachycardia
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Tx of overload is
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-stop or slow infusion
-sit patient upright -evaluate lungs -oxygen and diuretics as ordered -monitor VS and I and O |
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____ occurs when the blood is contaminated. S/Sx are chills, fever, vomiting, hypotension, diarrhea.
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Sepsis
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Tx for sepsis is
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-stop transfusion
-keep blood for lab -blood cultures -IV fluid support -antibiotics |
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Whole blood and PRBCs should hang with ____ using a Y tubing and filter. No more than ___ to infuse and with no other meds or drips.
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normal saline solution
4 hours |
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____ is the universal blood donor.
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O negative
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____ is the universal blood recipient.
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AB positive
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Type A blood has ____ antigen.
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type B
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____ does not require type and crossmatch. It must infuse within 4 hours and cabe given 10 minutes per unit.
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Platelets
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____ is used for bleeding and when giving large amts of PRBCs. Must give within 6 hours of getting from blood bank. Straight line- no filter needed.
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Fresh Frozen Plasma
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____ can be given by straight set or IV push. No type and cross match is required.
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Coagulation factors
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____ is used to treat shock and hypoproteinemia. Give slowly to prevent circulatory overload and it requires special tubing that comes with the bottle.
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Albumin
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