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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fractures considered highly specific for child abuse include: _ |
posterior rib fractures* |
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Fractures considered to be of moderate specificity include: |
Multiple, especially bilateral fractures, fractures of various stages of healing |
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Compartment syndrome is when a group of muscles, their nerves, and vessels undergo _ |
compressive forces resulting in vascular and nerve compression
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Compartment syndrome occurs when _
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vascular perfusion of the muscles and other tissues within a compartment decreases to a level that is inadequate to sustain the viability of these tissues.*
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What is the end result of compartment syndrome? When does this occur?
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The end result is necrosis of muscle and nerve tissues that can occur in as few as 4 to 8 hours.** |
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Compartment syndrome most commonly occurs after _, and it may occur if _
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trauma, especially following crush injuries.*
if cast is too tight* |
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Failure to treat compartment syndrome may lead to:
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necrotic muscle, fibrotic scar tissue, muscular contracture and permanent dysfunction of all nerves traveling through the compartment.*
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What are the symptoms associated with compartment syndrome? |
5 P's |
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How can you test for compartment syndrome? |
Extreme pain on stretching the long muscles that pass through the compartment
*measure pressure by inserting tool into compartment |
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How do you treat compartment syndrome? |
Surgical Fasciotomy of the compartment
(open compartment & keep open until swelling resolveds) |
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Swelling, pain aggravated by movement*, deformity, pain on palpation, and decreased function...all are symptoms of what?
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Fracture
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When diagnosing a fracture, be sure you document intact _, _ and _
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neuro, vascular, motor |
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What do you do if a patient has the clinical appearance of a fracture but no fracture is seen on the x-ray? |
CT scan* (if high risk area, neck, spine, etc)
*if fracture is seen, split & send to specialist* |
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Nonunion is an adverse outcome of a fracture and is the _ |
Failure to heal to bone.* |
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Malunion is an adverse outcome of a fracture and is _ |
Healing with unacceptable deformity
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Osteomyelitis may develop from _. It is usually _
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an open fracture (or hematogenous spread)
pyogenic (bacterial) |
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What are the two most common organisms responsible for osteomyelitis?
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Staphylococcus aureus is the most common, Hemolytic streptococci
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What are a few symptoms associated with osteomyelitis? |
Unrelenting pain*
Fever* Reluctance to move the limb.* |
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What's the treatment for osteomyelitis?
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Parenteral Antibiotics!** (for a long time!)
Surgery |
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A sprain is the _ |
Stretching or tearing of a ligament or joint capsule.*
a stretching or partial tear of a muscle.* |
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What part of the body is a rupture most likely to occur in?
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Achilles, |
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Where do you splint in case of a fracture or sprain? |
Btwn a joint above and a joint below |
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A splint will reduce _, _, and _.
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pain, bleeding, and swelling |
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Where is the proper location for crutches?
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A few inches below the axilla. |
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What are the details you look at to describe fractures? |
Rotation, Overlap, Anguation, Displacement, Dislocation |
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Displacement is the _
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amount of off-set of the distal fracture fragment relative to the proximal (answer in % of bone that is displaced)
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Angulation is the _
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angle away from the normal that the distal fragment makes with the proximal
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What are the cancers that are likely to be associated with bone cancer?
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LBPMKT
Lung, Breast, Prostate, Metastatic, Meyloma, Kidney, Throid Lytic bone probably means killing tumor |